BBC News - Wikipedia

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and ... BBCNews FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch ThisarticleisabouttheorganisationwithintheBBC.Forthetelevisionchannel,seeBBCNews(TVchannel).Forotheruses,seeBBCNews(disambiguation). NewsdivisionofthepubliclyfundedBritishBroadcastingCorporation BBCNewsTypeBBCdepartmentIndustryBroadcastmediaFounded14 November1922;99yearsago (1922-11-14)HeadquartersBBCTelevisionCentre(1969–2013)BroadcastingHouse(2012–present),London,EnglandAreaservedSpecificservicesforUnitedKingdomandrestofworldKeypeopleFranUnsworth(DirectorofNews&CurrentAffairs)MaryHockaday(HeadofNewsroom)ServicesRadio,internet,andtelevisionbroadcastsNumberofemployees3,500(2,000journalists)ParentBBCWebsite www.bbc.com/news BBCNewsisanoperationalbusinessdivision[1]oftheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)responsibleforthegatheringandbroadcastingofnewsandcurrentaffairs.Thedepartmentistheworld'slargestbroadcastnewsorganisationandgeneratesabout120hoursofradioandtelevisionoutputeachday,aswellasonlinenewscoverage.[2][3]Theservicemaintains50foreignnewsbureauswithmorethan250correspondentsaroundtheworld.[4]FranUnsworthhasbeendirectorofnewsandcurrentaffairssinceJanuary2018.[5][6] Thedepartment'sannualbudgetisinexcessof£350 million;ithas3,500staff,2,000ofwhomarejournalists.[2]BBCNews'domestic,globalandonlinenewsdivisionsarehousedwithinthelargestlivenewsroominEurope,inBroadcastingHouseincentralLondon.ParliamentarycoverageisproducedandbroadcastfromstudiosinLondon.ThroughBBCEnglishRegions,theBBCalsohasregionalcentresacrossEnglandandnationalnewscentresinNorthernIreland,ScotlandandWales.AllnationsandEnglishregionsproducetheirownlocalnewsprogrammesandothercurrentaffairsandsportprogrammes. In2017,BBCIndiawasbannedforaperiodof5yearsfromcoveringallnationalparksandsanctuariesinIndia.[7]FollowingthewithdrawalofCGTN’sUKbroadcasterlicenceon4February2021byOfcom,[8]ChinabannedBBCNewsfromairinginChina.[9] TheBBCisaquasi-autonomouscorporationauthorisedbyroyalcharter,makingitoperationallyindependentofthegovernment. On2December2021,theBBCreleaseditsannualreportshowingthenumberoflisteners,viewersandusers,accordingtowhichIndiahasthelargestnumberofpeopleusingBBCservicesintheworld.[10] Contents 1History 1.1Earlyyears 1.21950s 1.31960s 1.41970s 1.51980s 1.61990s 1.72000s 1.82010s 1.92020s 2Broadcastingmedia 2.1Television 2.2Radio 2.3Online 3Opinions 3.1Politicalandcommercialindependence 3.2India 3.3HuttonInquiry 3.4Israeli–Palestinianconflict 3.5Partners 3.6Theviewofforeigngovernments 4Seealso 5References 6Externallinks History[edit] Furtherinformation:TimelineofBBCTelevisionNews Furtherinformation:TimelineofBBCRadioNews Earlyyears[edit] ThisisLondoncalling–2LOcalling.Hereisthefirstgeneralnewsbulletin,copyrightbyReuters,PressAssociation,ExchangeTelegraphandCentralNews.— BBCnewsprogrammeopeningduringthe1920s[11] TheBritishBroadcastingCompanybroadcastitsfirstradiobulletinfromradiostation2LOon14November1922.[12]Wishingtoavoidcompetition,newspaperpublisherspersuadedthegovernmenttobantheBBCfrombroadcastingnewsbefore7:00pm,andtoforceittousewireservicecopyinsteadofreportingonitsown.[11]TheBBCgraduallygainedtherighttoeditthecopyand,in1934,createditsownnewsoperation.[13]However,itcouldnotbroadcastnewsbefore6PMuntilWorldWarII.[11]Inadditiontonews,GaumontBritishandMovietonecinemanewsreelshadbeenbroadcastontheTVservicesince1936,withtheBBCproducingitsownequivalentTelevisionNewsreelprogrammefromJanuary1948.[14]AweeklyChildren'sNewsreelwasinauguratedon23April1950,toaround350,000receivers.[13]Thenetworkbegansimulcastingitsradionewsontelevisionin1946,withastillpictureofBigBen.[11]Televisedbulletinsbeganon5July1954,broadcastfromleasedstudioswithinAlexandraPalaceinLondon.[15][failedverification] Thepublic'sinterestintelevisionandliveeventswasstimulatedbyElizabethII'scoronationin1953.Itisestimatedthatupto27 millionpeople[16]viewedtheprogrammeintheUK,overtakingradio'saudienceof12 millionforthefirsttime.[17]Thoselivepictureswerefedfrom21camerasincentralLondontoAlexandraPalacefortransmission,andthenontootherUKtransmittersopenedintimefortheevent.[18]Thatyear,therewerearoundtwomillionTVLicencesheldintheUK,risingtooverthreemillionthefollowingyear,andfourandahalfmillionby1955.[19] 1950s[edit] Televisionnews,althoughphysicallyseparatefromitsradiocounterpart,wasstillfirmlyunderradionews'controlinthe1950s.Correspondentsprovidedreportsforbothoutlets,andthefirsttelevisedbulletin,shownon5July1954onthethenBBCtelevisionserviceandpresentedbyRichardBaker,involvedhisprovidingnarrationoff-screenwhilestillswereshown.[20]ThiswasthenfollowedbythecustomaryTelevisionNewsreelwitharecordedcommentarybyJohnSnagge(andonotheroccasionsbyAndrewTimothy).[citationneeded] On-screennewsreaderswereintroducedayearlaterin1955 –KennethKendall(thefirsttoappearinvision),RobertDougall,andRichardBaker–threeweeksbeforeITN'slaunchon21September1955.[21] MainstreamtelevisionproductionhadstartedtomoveoutofAlexandraPalacein1950[22]tolargerpremises –mainlyatLimeGroveStudiosinShepherd'sBush,westLondon –takingCurrentAffairs(thenknownasTalksDepartment)withit.ItwasfromherethatthefirstPanorama,anewdocumentaryprogramme,wastransmittedon11November1953,withRichardDimblebybecominganchorin1955.[23] In1958,HughCarletonGreenebecameheadofNewsandCurrentAffairs.[24] 1960s[edit] On1January1960,GreenebecameDirector-General.[25]GreenemadechangesthatwereaimedatmakingBBCreportingmoresimilartoitcompetitorITN,whichhadbeenhighlyratedbystudygroupsheldbyGreene.[26] AnewsroomwascreatedatAlexandraPalace,televisionreporterswererecruitedandgiventheopportunitytowriteandvoicetheirownscripts–withouthavingtocoverstoriesforradiotoo.[citationneeded]. On20June1960,NanWinton,thefirstfemaleBBCnetworknewsreader,appearedinvision.[27]19September1960sawthestartoftheradionewsandcurrentaffairsprogrammeTheTenO'clockNews.[28] BBC2startedtransmissionon20April1964andbeganbroadcastinganewshow,Newsroom.[29] TheWorldatOne,alunchtimenewsprogramme,beganon4October1965onthethenHomeService,andtheyearbeforeNewsReviewhadstartedontelevision.NewsReviewwasasummaryoftheweek'snews,firstbroadcastonSunday,26April1964[30]onBBC2andharkingbacktotheweeklyNewsreelReviewoftheWeek,producedfrom1951,toopenprogrammingonSundayevenings–thedifferencebeingthatthisincarnationhadsubtitlesforthedeafandhard-of-hearing.Asthiswasthedecadebeforeelectroniccaptiongeneration,eachsuperimposition("super")hadtobeproducedonpaperorcard,synchronisedmanuallytostudioandnewsfootage,committedtotapeduringtheafternoon,andbroadcastearlyevening.ThusSundayswerenolongeraquietdayfornewsatAlexandraPalace.Theprogrammeranuntilthe1980s[31] –bythenusingelectroniccaptions,knownasAnchor –tobesupersededbyCeefaxsubtitling(asimilarTeletextformat),andthesigningofsuchprogrammesasSeeHear(from1981). OnSunday17September1967,TheWorldThisWeekend,aweeklynewsandcurrentaffairsprogramme,launchedonwhatwasthenHomeService,butsoon-to-beRadio4. Preparationsforcolourbeganintheautumnof1967andonThursday7March1968NewsroomonBBC2movedtoanearlyeveningslot,becomingthefirstUKnewsprogrammetobetransmittedincolour[32] –fromStudioAatAlexandraPalace.NewsReviewandWestminster(thelatteraweeklyreviewofParliamentaryhappenings)were"colourised"shortlyafter. However,muchoftheinsertmaterialwasstillinblackandwhite,asinitiallyonlyapartofthefilmcoverageshotinandaroundLondonwasoncolourreversalfilmstock,andallregionalandmanyinternationalcontributionswerestillinblackandwhite.ColourfacilitiesatAlexandraPalaceweretechnicallyverylimitedforthenexteighteenmonths,asithadonlyoneRCAcolourQuadruplexvideotapemachineand,eventuallytwoPyeplumbiconcolourtelecines–althoughthenewscolourservicestartedwithjustone. BlackandwhitenationalbulletinsonBBC1continuedtooriginatefromStudioBonweekdays,alongwithTownandAround,theLondonregional"optout"programmebroadcastthroughoutthe1960s(andtheBBC'sfirstregionalnewsprogrammefortheSouthEast),untilitstartedtobereplacedbyNationwideonTuesdaytoThursdayfromLimeGroveStudiosearlyinSeptember1969.TownandAroundwasnevertomakethemovetoTelevisionCentre –insteaditbecameLondonThisWeekwhichairedonMondaysandFridaysonly,fromthenewTVCstudios.[33] TelevisionNewsmovedtoBBCTelevisionCentreinSeptember1969. TheBBCmovedproductionoutofAlexandraPalacein1969.BBCTelevisionNewsresumedoperationsthenextdaywithalunchtimebulletinonBBC1 –inblackandwhite –fromTelevisionCentre,whereitremaineduntilMarch2013.[citationneeded] ThismovetoasmallerstudiowithbettertechnicalfacilitiesallowedNewsroomandNewsReviewtoreplacebackprojectionwithcolour-separationoverlay.[citationneeded]Duringthe1960s,satellitecommunicationhadbecomepossible;[34]however,itwassomeyearsbeforedigitalline-storeconversionwasabletoundertaketheprocessseamlessly.[citationneeded] 1970s[edit] AngelaRippon,picturedin1983,becamethefirstfemalenewspresenterin1975. On14September1970,thefirstNineO'ClockNewswasbroadcastontelevision.RobertDougallpresentedthefirstweekfromstudioN1[35] –describedbyTheGuardian[36]as"asortofpolystyrenepaddedcell"[37]—thebulletinhavingbeenmovedfromtheearliertimeof20.50asaresponsetotheratingsachievedbyITN'sNewsatTen,introducedthreeyearsearlierontherivalITV.RichardBakerandKennethKendallpresentedsubsequentweeks,thusechoingthosefirsttelevisionbulletinsofthemid-1950s. AngelaRipponbecamethefirstfemalenewspresenteroftheNineO'ClockNewsin1975.Herworkoutsidethenewswascontroversialatthetime,appearingonTheMorecambeandWiseChristmasShowin1976singinganddancing.[35] ThefirsteditionofJohnCraven'sNewsround,initiallyintendedonlyasashortseriesandlaterrenamedjustNewsround,camefromstudioN3on4April1972. Afternoontelevisionnewsbulletinsduringthemidtolate1970swerebroadcastfromtheBBCnewsroomitself,ratherthanoneofthethreenewsstudios.Thenewsreaderwouldpresenttocamerawhilesittingontheedgeofadesk;behindhimstaffwouldbeseenworkingbusilyattheirdesks.ThisperiodcorrespondedwithwhentheNineO'ClockNewsgotitsnextmakeover,andwoulduseaCSObackgroundofthenewsroomfromthatverysamecameraeachweekdayevening. Alsointhemid-1970s,thelatenightnewsonBBC2wasbrieflyrenamedNewsnight,[38]butthiswasnottolast,orbethesameprogrammeasweknowtoday –thatwouldbelaunchedin1980 –anditsoonrevertedtobeingjustanewssummarywiththeearlyeveningBBC2newsexpandedtobecomeNewsday. Newsonradiowastochangeinthe1970s,andonRadio4inparticular,broughtaboutbythearrivalofneweditorPeterWoonfromtelevisionnewsandtheimplementationoftheBroadcastingintheSeventiesreport.Theseincludedtheintroductionofcorrespondentsintonewsbulletinswherepreviouslyonlyanewsreaderwouldpresent,aswellastheinclusionofcontentgatheredinthepreparationprocess.Newprogrammeswerealsoaddedtothedailyschedule,PMandTheWorldTonightaspartoftheplanforthestationtobecomea"whollyspeechnetwork".[36]NewsbeatlaunchedasthenewsserviceonRadio1on10September1973.[39] On23September1974,ateletextsystemwhichwaslaunchedtobringnewscontentontelevisionscreensusingtextonlywaslaunched.Engineersoriginallybegandevelopingsuchasystemtobringnewstodeafviewers,butthesystemwasexpanded.TheCeefaxservicebecamemuchmorediversebeforeitceasedon23October2012:itnotonlyhadsubtitlingforallchannels,italsogaveinformationsuchasweather,flighttimesandfilmreviews. Bytheendofthedecade,thepracticeofshootingonfilmforinsertsinnewsbroadcastswasdeclining,withtheintroductionofENGtechnologyintotheUK.Theequipmentwouldgraduallybecomelesscumbersome –theBBC'sfirstattemptshadbeenusingaPhilipscolourcamerawithbackpackbasestationandseparateportableSonyU-maticrecorderinthelatterhalfofthedecade. 1980s[edit] In1980,theIranianEmbassySiegehadbeenshotelectronicallybytheBBCTelevisionNewsOutsidebroadcastingteam,andtheworkofreporterKateAdie,broadcastinglivefromPrince'sGate,wasnominatedforBAFTAactualitycoverage,butthistimebeatenbyITNforthe1980award.[40] Newsnight,thenewsandcurrentaffairsprogramme,wasduetogoonairon23January1980,althoughtradeuniondisagreementsmeantthatitslaunchfromLimeGrovewaspostponedbyaweek.[41]On27August1981MoiraStuartbecamethefirstAfricanCaribbeanfemalenewsreadertoappearonBritishtelevision. By1982,ENGtechnologyhadbecomesufficientlyreliableforBernardHeskethtouseanIkegamicameratocovertheFalklandsWar,coverageforwhichhewonthe"RoyalTelevisionSocietyCameramanoftheYear"award[42]andaBAFTAnomination[43]–thefirsttimethatBBCNewshadrelieduponanelectroniccamera,ratherthanfilm,inaconflictzone.BBCNewswontheBAFTAforitsactualitycoverage,[44]howevertheeventhasbecomerememberedintelevisiontermsforBrianHanrahan'sreportingwherehecoinedthephrase"I'mnotallowedtosayhowmanyplanesjoinedtheraid,butIcountedthemalloutandIcountedthemallback"[45]tocircumventrestrictions,andwhichhasbecomecitedasanexampleofgoodreportingunderpressure.[46] ThefirstBBCbreakfasttelevisionprogramme,BreakfastTimealsolaunchedduringthe1980s,on17January1983fromLimeGroveStudioEandtwoweeksbeforeitsITVrivalTV-am.FrankBough,SelinaScott,andNickRosshelpedtowakeviewerswitharelaxedstyleofpresenting.[47] TheSixO'ClockNewsfirstairedon3September1984,eventuallybecomingthemostwatchednewsprogrammeintheUK(however,since2006ithasbeenovertakenbytheBBCNewsatTen).InOctober1984,imagesofmillionsofpeoplestarvingtodeathintheEthiopianfaminewereshowninMichaelBuerk'sSixO'ClockNewsreports.[48]TheBBCNewscrewwerethefirsttodocumentthefamine,withBuerk'sreporton23Octoberdescribingitas"abiblicalfamineinthe20thcentury"and"theclosestthingtohellonEarth".[49]TheBBCNewsreportshockedBritain,motivatingitscitizenstoinundatereliefagencies,suchasSavetheChildren,withdonations,andtobringglobalattentiontothecrisisinEthiopia.[50]ThenewsreportwasalsowatchedbyBobGeldof,whowouldorganisethecharitysingle"DoTheyKnowIt'sChristmas?"toraisemoneyforfaminerelieffollowedbytheLiveAidconcertinJuly1985.[48] Startingin1981,theBBCgaveacommonthemetoitsmainnewsbulletinswithnewelectronictitles–asetofcomputeranimated"stripes"formingacircle[51]onaredbackgroundwitha"BBCNews"typescriptappearingbelowthecirclegraphics,andathemetuneconsistingofbrassandkeyboards.TheNineusedasimilar(striped)number9.Theredbackgroundwasreplacedbyabluefrom1985until1987. By1987,theBBChaddecidedtore-branditsbulletinsandestablishedindividualstylesagainforeachonewithdifferingtitlesandmusic,theweekendandholidaybulletinsbrandedinasimilarstyletotheNine,althoughthe"stripes"introductioncontinuedtobeuseduntil1989onoccasionswhereanewsbulletinwasscreenedoutoftherunningorderoftheschedule.[52] In1987,JohnBirtresurrectedthepracticeofcorrespondentsworkingforbothTVandradiowiththeintroductionofbi-mediajournalism,[53]. 1990s[edit] ThecombinednewsroomfordomestictelevisionandradiowasopenedatTelevisionCentreinWestLondonin1998. Duringthe1990s,awiderrangeofservicesbegantobeofferedbyBBCNews,withthesplitofBBCWorldServiceTelevisiontobecomeBBCWorld(newsandcurrentaffairs),andBBCPrime(lightentertainment).Contentfora24-hournewschannelwasthusrequired,followedin1997withthelaunchofdomesticequivalentBBCNews24.Ratherthansetbulletins,ongoingreportsandcoveragewasneededtokeepbothchannelsfunctioningandmeantagreateremphasisinbudgetingforbothwasnecessary.In1998,after66yearsatBroadcastingHouse,theBBCRadioNewsoperationmovedtoBBCTelevisionCentre.[54] Newtechnology,providedbySiliconGraphics,cameintousein1993forare-launchofthemainBBC1bulletins,creatingavirtualsetwhichappearedtobemuchlargerthanitwasphysically.Therelaunchalsobroughtallbulletinsintothesamestyleofsetwithonlysmallchangesincolouring,titles,andmusictodifferentiateeach.Acomputergeneratedcut-glasssculptureoftheBBCcoatofarmswasthecentrepieceoftheprogrammetitlesuntilthelargescalecorporaterebrandingofnewsservicesin1999. In1999,thebiggestrelaunchoccurred,withBBCOnebulletins,BBCWorld,BBCNews24,andBBCNewsOnlinealladoptingacommonstyle.OneofthemostsignificantchangeswasthegradualadoptionofthecorporateimagebytheBBCregionalnewsprogrammes,givingacommonstyleacrosslocal,nationalandinternationalBBCtelevisionnews.ThisalsoincludedNewyddion,themainnewsprogrammeofWelshlanguagechannelS4C,producedbyBBCNewsWales. 2000s[edit] FollowingtherelaunchofBBCNewsin1999,regionalheadlineswereincludedatthestartoftheBBCOnenewsbulletinsin2000.[55]TheEnglishregionsdidhoweverlosefiveminutesattheendoftheirbulletins,duetoanewheadlineround-upat18:55.[56]2000alsosawtheNineO'ClockNewsmovedtothelatertimeof22:00.[57]ThiswasinresponsetoITNwhohadjustmovedtheirpopularNewsatTenprogrammeto23:00.[58]ITNbrieflyreturnedNewsatTenbutfollowingpoorratingswhenheadtoheadagainsttheBBC'sTenO'ClockNews,theITNbulletinwasmovedto22.30,whereitremaineduntil14January2008. Theretirementin2009ofPeterSissons[59]anddepartureofMichaelBuerkfromtheTenO'ClockNews[60]ledtochangesintheBBCOnebulletinpresentingteamon20January2003.TheSixO'ClockNewsbecamedoubleheadedwithGeorgeAlagiahandSophieRaworthafterHuwEdwardsandFionaBrucemovedtopresenttheTen.Anewsetdesignfeaturingaprojectedfictionalnewsroombackdropwasintroduced,followedon16February2004bynewprogrammetitlestomatchthoseofBBCNews24. BBCNews24andBBCWorldintroducedanewstyleofpresentationinDecember2003,thatwasslightlyalteredon5July2004tomark50yearsofBBCTelevisionNews.[61]TheindividualpositionsofeditoroftheOneandSixO'ClockNewswerereplacedbyanewdaytimepositioninNovember2005.KevinBakhurstbecamethefirstControllerofBBCNews24,replacingthepositionofeditor.AmandaFarnsworthbecamedaytimeeditorwhileCraigOliverwaslaternamededitoroftheTenO'ClockNews.ThebulletinsalsobegantobesimulcastwithNews24,asawayofpoolingresources. BulletinsreceivednewtitlesandanewsetdesigninMay2006,toallowforBreakfasttomoveintothemainstudioforthefirsttimesince1997.ThenewsetfeaturedBarcovideowallscreenswithabackgroundoftheLondonskylineusedformainbulletinsandoriginallyanimageofcirruscloudsagainstablueskyforBreakfast.Thiswaslaterreplacedfollowingviewercriticism.[62]ThestudioboresimilaritieswiththeITN-producedITVNewsin2004,thoughITNusesaCSOVirtualstudioratherthantheactualscreensatBBCNews.Also,MaysawthelaunchofWorldNewsTodaythefirstdomesticbulletinfocusedprincipallyoninternationalnews. BBCNewsbecamepartofanewBBCJournalismgroupinNovember2006aspartofarestructuringoftheBBC.Thethen-DirectorofBBCNews,HelenBoadenreportedtothethen-DeputyDirector-Generalandheadofthejournalismgroup,MarkByforduntilhewasmaderedundantin2010.[63] On18October2007,MarkThompsonannouncedasix-yearplan,DeliveringCreativeFuture,mergingthetelevisioncurrentaffairsdepartmentintoanew"NewsProgrammes"division.[64][65]Thompson'sannouncement,inresponsetoa£2billionshortfallinfunding,would,hesaid,deliver"asmallerbutfitterBBC"inthedigitalage,bycuttingitspayrolland,in2013,sellingTelevisionCentre.[66] Thevariousseparatenewsroomsfortelevision,radioandonlineoperationsweremergedintoasinglemultimedianewsroom.Programmemakingwithinthenewsroomswasbroughttogethertoformamultimediaprogrammemakingdepartment.BBCWorldServicedirectorPeterHorrockssaidthatthechangeswouldachieveefficiencyatatimeofcost-cuttingattheBBC.Inhisblog,hewrotethatbyusingthesameresourcesacrossthevariousbroadcastmediameantfewerstoriescouldbecovered,orbyfollowingmorestories,therewouldbefewerwaystobroadcastthem.[67] AnewgraphicsandvideoplayoutsystemwasintroducedforproductionoftelevisionbulletinsinJanuary2007.ThiscoincidedwithanewstructuretoBBCWorldNewsbulletins,editorsfavouringasectiondevotedtoanalysingthenewsstoriesreportedon. ThefirstnewBBCNewsbulletinsincetheSixO'ClockNewswasannouncedinJuly2007followingasuccessfultrialintheMidlands.[68]Thesummary,lasting90seconds,hasbeenbroadcastat20:00onweekdayssinceDecember2007andbearssimilaritieswith60SecondsonBBCThree,butalsoincludesheadlinesfromthevariousBBCregionsandaweathersummary. Aspartofalong-termcostcuttingprogramme,bulletinswererenamedtheBBCNewsatOne,SixandTenrespectivelyinApril2008whileBBCNews24wasrenamedBBCNewsandmovedintothesamestudioasthebulletinsatBBCTelevisionCentre.[69][70]BBCWorldwasrenamedBBCWorldNewsandregionalnewsprogrammeswerealsoupdatedwiththenewpresentationstyle,designedbyLambie-Nairn.[71] 2008alsosawtri-mediaintroducedacrossTV,radio,andonline.[72] ThestudiomovesalsomeantthatStudioN9,previouslyusedforBBCWorld,wasclosed,andoperationsmovedtothepreviousstudioofBBCNews24.StudioN9waslaterrefittedtomatchthenewbranding,andwasusedfortheBBC'sUKlocalelectionsandEuropeanelectionscoverageinearlyJune2009. 2010s[edit] ThenewnewsroominBroadcastingHouse AstrategyreviewoftheBBCinMarch2010,confirmedthathaving"thebestjournalismintheworld"wouldformoneoffivekeyeditorialpolicies,aspartofchangessubjecttopublicconsultationandBBCTrustapproval.[73] Afteraperiodofsuspensioninlate2012,HelenBoadenceasedtobetheDirectorofBBCNews.[74]On16April2013,incomingBBCDirector-GeneralTonyHallnamedJamesHarding,aformereditorofTheTimesofLondonnewspaperasDirectorofNewsandCurrentAffairs.[5] FromAugust2012toMarch2013,allnewsoperationsmovedfromTelevisionCentretonewfacilitiesintherefurbishedandextendedBroadcastingHouse,inPortlandPlace.ThemovebeganinOctober2012,andalsoincludedtheBBCWorldService,whichmovedfromBushHousefollowingtheexpiryoftheBBC'slease.Thisnewextensiontothenorthandeast,referredtoas"NewBroadcastingHouse",includesseveralnewstate-of-the-artradioandtelevisionstudioscentredaroundan11-storeyatrium.[75]ThemovebeganwiththedomesticprogrammeTheAndrewMarrShowon2September2012,andconcludedwiththemoveoftheBBCNewschannelanddomesticnewsbulletinson18March2013.[76][77][78]Thenewsroomhousesalldomesticbulletinsandprogrammesonbothtelevisionandradio,aswellastheBBCWorldServiceinternationalradionetworksandtheBBCWorldNewsinternationaltelevisionchannel. 2020s[edit] InJanuary2020theBBCannouncedaBBCNewssavingstargetof£80millionperyearby2022,involvingabout450staffreductionsfromthecurrent6,000.BBCdirectorofnewsandcurrentaffairsFranUnsworthsaidtherewouldbefurthermovestowarddigitalbroadcasting,inparttoattractbackayouthaudience,andmorepoolingofreporterstostopseparateteamscoveringthesamenews.[79][80]Afurther70staffreductionswereannouncedinJuly2020.[81] Broadcastingmedia[edit] Television[edit] BBCNewshelicopterinuseoverLondon BBCNewsisresponsibleforthenewsprogrammesanddocumentarycontentontheBBC'sgeneraltelevisionchannels,aswellasthenewscoverageontheBBCNewsChannelintheUK,and22hoursofprogrammingforthecorporation'sinternationalBBCWorldNewschannel.[citationneeded]CoverageforBBCParliamentiscarriedoutonbehalfoftheBBCatMillbankStudios,thoughBBCNewsprovideseditorialandjournalisticcontent.[citationneeded]BBCNewscontentisalsooutputontotheBBC'sdigitalinteractivetelevisionservicesundertheBBCRedButtonbrand,anduntil2012,ontheCeefaxteletextsystem.[82] ThemusiconallBBCtelevisionnewsprogrammeswasintroducedin1999andcomposedbyDavidLowe.[83]Itwaspartofthere-brandingwhichcommencedin1999andfeatures'BBCPips'.[84]ThegeneralthemewasusedonbulletinsonBBCOne,News24,BBCWorldandlocalnewsprogrammesintheBBC'sNationsandRegions.[84]LowewasalsoresponsibleforthemusiconRadioOne'sNewsbeat.[84]Thethemehashadseveralchangessince1999,thelatestinMarch2013.[83] TheBBCArabicTelevisionnewschannellaunchedon11March2008,[85]aPersian-languagechannelfollowedon14January2009,[86]broadcastingfromthePeelwingofBroadcastingHouse;bothincludenews,analysis,interviews,sportsandhighlyculturalprogrammesandarerunbytheBBCWorldServiceandfundedfromagrant-in-aidfromtheBritishForeignOffice(andnotthetelevisionlicence).[87] Radio[edit] BBCRadioNewsproducesbulletinsfortheBBC'snationalradiostationsandprovidescontentforlocalBBCradiostationsviatheGeneralNewsService(GNS),aBBC-internal[88]newsdistributionservice.BBCNewsdoesnotproducetheBBC'sregionalnewsbulletins,whichareproducedindividuallybytheBBCnationsandregionsthemselves.TheBBCWorldServicebroadcaststosome150 millionpeopleinEnglishaswellas27languagesacrosstheglobe.[89]BBCRadioNewsisapatronoftheRadioAcademy.[90] Online[edit] Mainarticle:BBCNewsOnline BBCNewsOnlineistheBBC'snewswebsite.LaunchedinNovember1997,itisoneofthemostpopularnewswebsitesintheUK,reachingoveraquarteroftheUK'sinternetusers,andworldwide,witharound14 millionglobalreaderseverymonth.[91]Thewebsitecontainsinternationalnewscoverageaswellasentertainment,sport,science,andpoliticalnews.[92] MobileappsforAndroid,iOSandWindowsPhonesystemshavebeenprovidedsince2010.[93] ManytelevisionandradioprogrammesarealsoavailabletoviewontheBBCiPlayerandBBCSoundsservices.TheBBCNewschannelisalsoavailabletoview24hoursaday,whilevideoandradioclipsarealsoavailablewithinonlinenewsarticles.[94] InOctober2019,BBCNewsOnlinelaunchedamirroronthedarkwebanonymitynetworkTorinanefforttocircumventcensorship.[95][96][97] Opinions[edit] Mainarticles:BBCcontroversiesandCriticismoftheBBC Politicalandcommercialindependence[edit] TheBBCisrequiredbyitschartertobefreefrombothpoliticalandcommercialinfluenceandanswersonlytoitsviewersandlisteners.Thispoliticalobjectivityissometimesquestioned.Forinstance,TheDailyTelegraph(3August2005)carriedaletterfromtheKGBdefectorOlegGordievsky,referringtoitas"TheRedService".Bookshavebeenwrittenonthesubject,includinganti-BBCworkslikeTruthBetrayedbyWJWestandTheTruthTwistersbyRichardDeacon.TheBBChasbeenaccusedofbiasbyConservativeMPs.[98] TheBBC'sEditorialGuidelinesonPoliticsandPublicPolicystatethatwhilst"thevoicesandopinionsofoppositionpartiesmustberoutinelyairedandchallenged","thegovernmentofthedaywilloftenbetheprimarysourceofnews".[99] TheBBCisregularlyaccusedbythegovernmentofthedayofbiasinfavouroftheoppositionand,bytheopposition,ofbiasinfavourofthegovernment.Similarly,duringtimesofwar,theBBCisoftenaccusedbytheUKgovernment,orbystrongsupportersofBritishmilitarycampaigns,ofbeingoverlysympathetictotheviewoftheenemy.AneditionofNewsnightatthestartoftheFalklandsWarin1982wasdescribedas"almosttreasonable"byJohnPage,MP,whoobjectedtoPeterSnowsaying"ifwebelievetheBritish".[100] DuringthefirstGulfWar,criticsoftheBBCtooktousingthesatiricalname"BaghdadBroadcastingCorporation".[101]DuringtheKosovoWar,theBBCwerelabelledthe"BelgradeBroadcastingCorporation"(suggestingfavouritismtowardstheFRYugoslaviagovernmentoverethnicAlbanianrebels)byBritishministers,[101]althoughSlobodanMilosević(thenFRYpresident)claimedthattheBBC'scoveragehadbeenbiasedagainsthisnation.[102] Conversely,someofthosewhostylethemselvesanti-establishmentintheUnitedKingdomorwhoopposeforeignwarshaveaccusedtheBBCofpro-establishmentbiasorofrefusingtogiveanoutletto"anti-war"voices.Followingthe2003invasionofIraq,astudybytheCardiffUniversitySchoolofJournalismofthereportingofthewarfoundthatnineoutof10referencestoweaponsofmassdestructionduringthewarassumedthatIraqpossessedthem,andonlyonein10questionedthisassumption.Italsofoundthat,outofthemainBritishbroadcasterscoveringthewar,theBBCwasthemostlikelytousetheBritishgovernmentandmilitaryasitssource.Itwasalsotheleastlikelytouseindependentsources,liketheRedCross,whoweremorecriticalofthewar.WhenitcametoreportingIraqicasualties,thestudyfoundfewerreportsontheBBCthanontheotherthreemainchannels.Thereport'sauthor,JustinLewis,wrote"Farfromrevealingananti-warBBC,ourfindingstendtogivecredencetothosewhocriticisedtheBBCforbeingtoosympathetictothegovernmentinitswarcoverage.Eitherway,itisclearthattheaccusationofBBCanti-warbiasfailstostanduptoanyseriousorsustainedanalysis."[103] ProminentBBCappointmentsareconstantlyassessedbytheBritishmediaandpoliticalestablishmentforsignsofpoliticalbias.TheappointmentofGregDykeasDirector-GeneralwashighlightedbypresssourcesbecauseDykewasaLabourPartymemberandformeractivist,aswellasafriendofTonyBlair.TheBBC'sformerPoliticalEditor,NickRobinson,wassomeyearsagoachairmanoftheYoungConservativesanddid,asaresult,attractinformalcriticismfromtheformerLabourgovernment,buthispredecessorAndrewMarrfacedsimilarclaimsfromtherightbecausehewaseditorofTheIndependent,aliberal-leaningnewspaper,beforehisappointmentin2000. MarkThompson,formerDirector-GeneraloftheBBC,admittedtheorganisationhasbeenbiased"towardstheleft"inthepast.Hesaid,"IntheBBCIjoined30yearsago,therewas,inmuchofcurrentaffairs,intermsofpeople'spersonalpolitics,whichwerequitevocal,amassivebiastotheleft".[104]Hethenadded,"Theorganizationdidstrugglethenwithimpartiality.Nowitisacompletelydifferentgeneration.ThereismuchlessoverttribalismamongtheyoungjournalistswhoworkfortheBBC." HistorianMarkCurtisfindsthatBBCnewsresemblesa"straightforwardstatepropagandaorgan"thatprovides"criticalsupportforthe[BritishandWestern]elite'spromotionofforeignpolicy",suchasthe2003warofaggressionagainstIraq.Hesaysthismilitantnationalismis"notevensubtle",and,citingGlasgowuniversity,saysBBCNewsisachiefexampleof"manufacturedproductionofideology."[105] SincetheaftermathoftheEUreferendum,somecriticshavechargedthattheBBCisbiasedinfavourofleavingtheEU.Forinstance,in2018,theBBChasreceivedmanycomplaintsbyRemainerswhotookissueattheBBCnotsufficientlycoveringanti-Brexitmarcheswhilstgivingsmaller-scaleeventshostedbyformerUKIPleaderNigelFaragemoreairtime.[106]SuchbiashasalsobeenexpressedbythelikesofLabourPeerAndrewAdoniswhothoughtthattheBBC'doesn'tevenrealiseit'.[107]Ontheotherhand,apollreleasedbyYouGovshowsthat45%ofleavevotersthinktheBBCis'activelyanti-Brexit'comparedto13%ofthesamekindsofvoterswhothinktheBBCispro-Brexit.[108] India[edit] In2008,theBBCHindiwascriticisedbysomeIndianoutletsforreferringtotheterroristswhocarriedouttheNovember2008Mumbaiattacksas"gunmen".[109][110]TheresponsetothisaddedtopriorcriticismfromsomeIndiancommentatorssuggestingthattheBBCmayhaveanIndophobicbias.[111]InMarch2015,theBBCHindiwascriticisedforairingadocumentaryinterviewingoneoftherapistsinIndia.InspiteofabanorderedbytheIndianHighcourt,theBBCstillairedthedocumentary.[112] HuttonInquiry[edit] Mainarticle:HuttonInquiry BBCNewswasatthecentreofapoliticalcontroversyfollowingthe2003invasionofIraq.ThreeBBCNewsreports(AndrewGilligan'sonToday,GavinHewitt'sonTheTenO'ClockNewsandanotheronNewsnight)quotedananonymoussourcethatstatedtheBritishgovernment(particularlythePrimeMinister'soffice)hadembellishedtheSeptemberDossierwithmisleadingexaggerationsofIraq'sweaponsofmassdestructioncapabilities.Thegovernmentdenouncedthereportsandaccusedthecorporationofpoorjournalism. Insubsequentweeksthecorporationstoodbythereport,sayingthatithadareliablesource.Followingintensemediaspeculation,DavidKellywasnamedinthepressasthesourceforGilligan'sstoryon9July2003.Kellywasfounddead,bysuicide,inafieldclosetohishomeearlyon18July.AninquiryledbyLordHuttonwasannouncedbytheBritishgovernmentthefollowingdaytoinvestigatethecircumstancesleadingtoKelly'sdeath,concludingthat"Dr.Kellytookhisownlife."[113] Inhisreporton28January2004,LordHuttonconcludedthatGilligan'soriginalaccusationwas"unfounded"andtheBBC'seditorialandmanagementprocesseswere"defective".Inparticular,itspecificallycriticisedthechainofmanagementthatcausedtheBBCtodefenditsstory.TheBBCDirectorofNews,RichardSambrook,thereportsaid,hadacceptedGilligan'swordthathisstorywasaccurateinspiteofhisnotesbeingincomplete.DavieshadthentoldtheBBCBoardofGovernorsthathewashappywiththestoryandtoldthePrimeMinisterthatasatisfactoryinternalinquiryhadtakenplace.TheBoardofGovernors,underthechairman's,GavynDavies,guidance,acceptedthatfurtherinvestigationoftheGovernment'scomplaintswereunnecessary. BecauseofthecriticismintheHuttonreport,Daviesresignedonthedayofpublication.BBCNewsfacedanimportanttest,reportingonitselfwiththepublicationofthereport,butbycommonconsent(oftheBoardofGovernors)managedthis"independently,impartiallyandhonestly".[114]Davies'resignationwasfollowedbytheresignationofDirectorGeneral,GregDyke,thefollowingday,andtheresignationofGilliganon30January.Whileundoubtedlyatraumaticexperienceforthecorporation,anICMpollinApril2003indicatedthatithadsustaineditspositionasthebestandmosttrustedproviderofnews.[115] Israeli–Palestinianconflict[edit] Seealso:CriticismoftheBBC§ MiddleEastandIsrael,andBalenReport TheBBChasfacedaccusationsofholdingbothanti-Israelandanti-Palestinebias. DouglasDavis,theLondoncorrespondentofTheJerusalemPost,hasdescribedtheBBC'scoverageoftheArab–Israeliconflictas"arelentless,one-dimensionalportrayalofIsraelasademonic,criminalstateandIsraelisasbrutaloppressors[which]bearsallthehallmarksofaconcertedcampaignofvilificationthat,wittinglyornot,hastheeffectofdelegitimisingtheJewishstateandpumpingoxygenintoadarkoldEuropeanhatredthatdarednotspeakitsnameforthepasthalf-century.".[116]Howevertwolargeindependentstudies,oneconductedbyLoughboroughUniversityandtheotherbyGlasgowUniversity'sMediaGroupconcludedthatIsraeliperspectivesaregivengreatercoverage.[117][118] CriticsoftheBBCarguethattheBalenReportprovessystematicbiasagainstIsraelinheadlinenewsprogramming.TheDailyMailandTheDailyTelegraphcriticisedtheBBCforspendinghundredsofthousandsofBritishtaxpayers'poundsfrompreventingthereportbeingreleasedtothepublic.[119][120] JeremyBowen,theMiddleEastEditorforBBCworldnews,wassingledoutspecificallyforbiasbytheBBCTrustwhichconcludedthatheviolated"BBCguidelinesonaccuracyandimpartiality."[121] AnindependentpanelappointedbytheBBCTrustwassetupin2006toreviewtheimpartialityoftheBBC'scoverageoftheIsraeli–Palestinianconflict.[122]Thepanel'sassessmentwasthat"apartfromindividuallapses,therewaslittletosuggestdeliberateorsystematicbias."Whilenotinga"commitmenttobefairaccurateandimpartial"andpraisingmuchoftheBBC'scoveragetheindependentpanelconcluded"thatBBCoutputdoesnotconsistentlygiveafullandfairaccountoftheconflict.Insomewaysthepictureisincompleteand,inthatsense,misleading."Itnotesthat,"thefailuretoconveyadequatelythedisparityintheIsraeliandPalestinianexperience,[reflects]thefactthatonesideisincontrolandtheotherlivesunderoccupation". WritingintheFinancialTimes,PhilipStephens,oneofthepanellists,lateraccusedtheBBC'sdirector-general,MarkThompson,ofmisrepresentingthepanel'sconclusions.Hefurtheropined"MysenseisthatBBCnewsreportinghasalsolostaonceiron-cladcommitmenttoobjectivityandanecessaryrespectforthedemocraticprocess.IfIamright,theBBC,too,islost".[123]MarkThompsonpublishedarebuttalintheFTthenextday.[124] ThedescriptionbyoneBBCcorrespondentreportingonthefuneralofYassirArafatthatshehadbeenleftwithtearsinhereyesledtootherquestionsofimpartiality,particularlyfromMartinWalker[125]inaguestopinionpieceinTheTimes,whopickedouttheapparentcaseofFayadAbuShamala,theBBCArabicServicecorrespondent,whotoldaHamasrallyon6May2001,thatjournalistsinGazawere"wagingthecampaignshouldertoshouldertogetherwiththePalestinianpeople."[125] Walkerarguesthattheindependentinquirywasflawedfortworeasons.Firstly,becausethetimeperiodoverwhichitwasconducted(August2005toJanuary2006)surroundedtheIsraeliwithdrawalfromGazaandArielSharon'sstroke,whichproducedmorepositivecoveragethanusual.Furthermore,hewrote,theinquiryonlylookedattheBBC'sdomesticcoverage,andexcludedoutputontheBBCWorldServiceandBBCWorld.[125] TomGrossaccusedtheBBCofglorifyingHamassuicidebombers,andcondemneditspolicyofinvitingguestssuchasJennyTongeandTomPaulinwhohavecomparedIsraelisoldierstoNazis.WritingfortheBBC,PaulinsaidIsraelisoldiersshouldbe"shotdead"likeHitler'sS.S,andsaidhecould"understandhowsuicidebombersfeel."[citationneeded]AccordingtoGross,PaulinandTongecontinuetobeinvitedasregularguests,andtheyareamongthemostfrequentcontributorstotheirmostwidelyscreenedartsprogramme.[126] TheBBCalsofacedcriticismfornotairingaDisastersEmergencyCommitteeaidappealforPalestinianswhosufferedinGazaduring22-daywarthereinlate2008/early2009.MostothermajorUKbroadcastersdidairthisappeal,butrivalSkyNewsdidnot.[citationneeded] BritishjournalistJulieBurchillhasaccusedBBCofcreatinga"climateoffear"forBritishJewsoverits"excessivecoverage"ofIsraelcomparedtoothernations.[127] Partners[edit] BBCandABCsharevideosegmentsandreportersasneededinproducingtheirnewscasts.withtheBBCshowingABCWorldNewsTonightwithDavidMuirintheUK.However,inJuly2017,BBCannouncedanewpartnershipwithCBSNewsallowsbothorganisationstosharevideo,editorialcontent,andadditionalnewsgatheringresourcesinNewYork,London,Washingtonandaroundtheworld.[128] BBCNewssubscribestowireservicesfromleadinginternationalagenciesincludingPAMedia(formerlyPressAssociation),Reuters,andAgenceFrance-Presse.InApril2017,theBBCdroppedAssociatedPressinfavourofanenhancedservicefromAFP.[129] Theviewofforeigngovernments[edit] BBCNewsreportersandbroadcastsarenowandhaveinthepastbeenbannedinseveralcountriesprimarilyforreportingwhichhasbeenunfavourabletotherulinggovernment.Forexample,correspondentswerebannedbytheformerapartheidrégimeofSouthAfrica.TheBBCwasbannedinZimbabweunderMugabe[130]foreightyearsasaterroristorganisationuntilbeingallowedtooperateagainoverayearafterthe2008elections.[131] TheBBCwasbannedinBurma(officiallyMyanmar)aftertheircoverageandcommentaryonanti-governmentproteststhereinSeptember2007.ThebanwasliftedfouryearslaterinSeptember2011.OthercaseshaveincludedUzbekistan,[132] China,[133]andPakistan.[134]BBCPersian,theBBC'sPersianlanguagenewssite,wasblockedfromtheIranianinternetin2006.[135]TheBBCNewswebsitewasmadeavailableinChinaagaininMarch2008,[136]butasofOctober 2014[update],wasblockedagain.[137] InJune2015,theRwandangovernmentplacedanindefinitebanonBBCbroadcastsfollowingtheairingofacontroversialdocumentaryregardingthe1994Rwandangenocide,Rwanda'sUntoldStory,broadcastonBBC2on1October2014.TheUK'sForeignOfficerecognised"thehurtcausedinRwandabysomepartsofthedocumentary".[138] InFebruary2017,reportersfromtheBBC(aswellastheDailyMail,TheNewYorkTimes,Politico,CNN,andothers)weredeniedaccesstoaUnitedStatesWhiteHousebriefing.[139] Seealso[edit] BBCportal Journalismportal BBCnewsreadersandjournalists BBCtelevisionnewsprogrammes ListofBBCnewsreadersandreporters ListofformerBBCnewsreadersandjournalists References[edit] ^"NewsGroupSeniorManagement".BBC.December2014.Archivedfromtheoriginalon30December2016.Retrieved21December2014. ^abBoaden,Helen(18November2004)."NewsWatch–AboutBBCNews–ThisisBBCNews".Retrieved3April2007. ^"Content".Archivedfromtheoriginalon27February2007.Retrieved3April2007. 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