字根- 英文好好玩

* Her personality makes it very difficult to negotiate and reach an agreement with her. negligible (a.) 微不足道的→ neg (not) + lig (choose) + ible (形容詞字尾) Home單字字根秘訣文法基本五大句型八大詞類that的用法相關資訊複合詞如何演講電影日常生活用語技巧好站連結娛樂英語笑話選推薦電影聯絡我們 英文的單字中大多數是字根來形成所以在背單字時能了解字根想必一定會事半功倍!字首、字根、字尾     英文字彙架構※ pre．dict．able(p.v)                           字尾able形容詞字尾表「可能」                     字根dict表「說話」        字首pre表「在前」※常見的構詞型態(p.xi)                         字根(字首)+ 字根+字根 +(字尾)           字     我們學習字源分析，為的是建立起一套拆解單字、進而記憶單字的系統，不是為研究而研究的語言學家，所以不必去理會某一個字根或字首來字希臘文還是拉丁文，只要容易聯想、好背單字即可。

     大多數的英文單字都可以用字根字首的拆解來理解，所以字源分析是非常好用的工具。

學起這套工具之後，最好能時時運用，也就是大量去做閱讀，儘量不查字典，碰到生字就拆解一下。

     注意事項：1.    字根字首在組合時會產生「同化」作用，也就是說會互相影響。

例如ad-這個表示to,toward的字首，經常會被後面字根的拼法同化，例如：abbreviate,acclaim,affirm,attain,aggravate,announce...2.    字根字首組合時兩個母音之間可能會加上一個子音作為連音，如：rehabilitation(n.)復健3.    前後兩個子音相連也有可能會加個母音在中間作為連音，如：pesticide(n.)殺蟲劑4.    並不是每一個英文單字都是由常用的字根字首組成的。

如單音節單字：eat,walk,typhoon,taboo…字首、字根總整理參考書目：1.再造英語大革命：字根字彙。

經典傳訊文化。

         2.最重要的100個英文字首字根。

許章真編著。

書林。

字首1.ab-,abs-=away,from分離                           2.ad-=to,toward向前                              3.anti-=against反對                                        4.bi-=two二             5.bene-,bon-=good良好                                 6.cata-=down,complete下降，完全 7.circum-=around環繞                                   8.co-,col-,com-,con-=together一起，共同9.contra-,contro-,counter-=against反對            10.de-=down,complete下降，完全11.de-,di-,dis-=away,off,not分離，否定           12.deca-,deci-=ten;tenth十；十分之一13.dia-=through,between,across穿越，居中14.di-,du-=two二    15.e-,ec-,ef-,ex-,extra-=out向外                       16.em-,en-,im-,in-=in,upon進入，在上17.epi-=upon,toward在上，朝向                        18.fore-=before前19.im-,in-,un-=not不                                         20.inter-=between,among居中21.mal-=bad惡劣                                                  22.mon-,mono-=one一23.ob-=toward,against,over相對，反對，全面      24.para-=beside,beyond並列，超越25.per-=through,thoroughly穿過，完全       26.post-=after,behind在後27.pre-=before前                                                 28.pro-,pur-=forward,before向前，在前29.re-=back,again向後，再次                       30.se-=away,separate分離31.sub-,suf-,sup-,sus-=under在下                     32.super-,sur-=over,above在上，超越33.sym-,syn-=with,together一起，共同       34.uni-=one一35.trans-=across,through,over橫跨，貫通，轉變    字根1.act,ag,ig=act,drive行動，推動                        2.anim=breath,mind氣息，心3.arch=chief,ancient首要的，古老的                  4.aud=hear聽5.bio=life生命                                                6.cad,cas,cid=fall,befall降落，發生7.cap,ceiv,cep,cept,cip,cup=receive,take接受，拿取8.ced(e),ceed,cess=go去，行進                    9.centr=center中央10.cert=sure確信                                                  11.chor=sing唱12.cid,cis=cut,kill切割，殺                         13.circum,cycle=around,circle外圍，圓圈14.cit=excite,call激起，喚起                               15.civ=ity城市16.claim,clam=shout,cryout喊，呼叫         17.clud,clus=close關閉18.cogn,gnos=know認知                                     19.cor,cord,cour=heart,courage心，勇氣20.corp,corpor=body身體，團體                      21.cours,cur,curs=run跑動22.cred=believe相信，信賴                           23.cub,cum(b)=lie躺24.cur=care,cure;run照料，治療，懸念；跑     25.dam=harm傷害26.demo=people人們                                           27.dic,dict=say,speak說28.dom=home;control家；支配                    29.duc,duct=lead領導，導引30.equ=equal均等                                          31.fed,fid=faith信心32.fac,fact,fair,feat,fect,feit,fic,fict,fit=do,make作，造33.fer=bear,carry懷有，承受，攜帶            34.fin=limit,end界限，終結35.flect,flex=bend彎曲                                  36.flu=flow流動37.forc,fort=strong強                                          38.found,fus=pour,melt傾流，鎔鑄39.fract,frag,frang,fring=break破裂/壞 40.gen=bear/born,kind,race產生，種類，種族41.grac,grat=pleasing快樂                            42.grad,gress=go,step行進，層次，步伐43.gram,graph=write書寫                                   44.it=go,march行走，行進45.jac,ject,jet=throw,emit投擲，射出         46.join,joint,junct=join,connect連接47.lect,leg,lex,=read閱讀                                    48.lect,lig=choose選擇49.loc=place地方                                                  50.locu,log,logue,loqu=speak說51.logy=studyof學科                                           52.luc,lumin,luster=light,brightness亮光53.magn,maj,max(i)=great大                              54.main,man=hand手55.medi=middle中間                                      56.mem(or)=remember記憶57.ment=mind心智                                        58.meter=measure測量59.mini,minu=small小                                   60.miss,mit=send,throw送出，投射61.mob,mom,mot,mov=move移動，動力  62.nat=born出生63.neg=none,not否定                                         64.nov=new新65.opt=choose選擇                                        66.pass,path,pati=feel,suffer感覺，苦痛67.ped=foot腳                                                68.pel,puls=drive;push推動，驅使；衝撞69.pen,pun=punish懲罰                               70.plic,plex,ply=fold,weave摺疊，編結71.pend,pens,pond=hang,weigh,pay,consider懸掛、重量、償付、思量72.polis,polit=city;government城市，政府 73.pon,pos,pound=place,put安置，寄放74.popul,publ=people人們                           75.port=carry運送，攜帶76.press=press擠壓                                       77.pri,prim,prin=first第一78.quest,qui(r),quis=ask,seek詢問，尋求         79.rupt=break破壞80.reg,rig=rule,king,hard治理，國王，硬直，嚴厲 81.scribe,scrip(t)=write書寫82.secu(t),sequ,sue=follow跟隨             83.sed,sess,sid=sit,set,live坐，安置，居住84.sens,sent=feel,sense感覺，意識              85.set,sid,sit=sit86.sign=mark做記號                   87.sist,sta,stitut=stand,place,set站立，安置，固定88.soci=group群體                     89.strain,stress,strict,string=drawtight壓縮，壓榨90.solu,solv=loosen放鬆                              91.spec,spect,spic=watch,look觀望，瞻望92.sta(t),sist=stand站                                93.stim,stinct,sting=mark;prick做記號；刺94.stru,struct=build建築                                    95.tach,tact,tag,tang=touch觸摸，接觸96.tain,ten,tin=hold,keep保存，固守，堅持           97.tend,tens,tent=stretch延伸，向前98.tor,tort=twist扭曲                                           99.tract,treat=draw抽拉，引出，劃線100.trud,trus=thrust,push推擠，強迫         101.vac,van,void=empty空虛，缺乏，空閒102.vail,val=strong,worth有力，實價         103.vari=change變化104.ven,vent=come(到)來                              105.vers,vert=turn,change轉動，轉變106.vey,via,voy=way道路，途徑                107.vict,vinc=conquer征服108.vid,view,vis=see,look看(見)，審視109.vig,vit,viv=life,live活，生命，精力110.voc,vok=voice,call聲音，召喚       111.volu.volv=roll旋轉，捲繞，轉成字首、字根—內容篇..取自再造英語大革命：字根字彙。

經典傳訊文化。

字首  1.fore-=before前                                                      forecast(n.)預報；預測→fore(before)+cast(throw)   *Mygrandmotherlistenstotheweatherforecastontheradioeachmorning. foresee(v)預知；預料→fore(before)+see   *It’sdifficulttoforeseewhatwillhappennext. foremost(a.)最重要的→fore(before)+most   *Shewasoneoftheforemostwritersofherday. forefront(n.)最前線；最重要的位置→fore(before)+front   *Heisintheforefrontonmanysocialissues.2.pre-=before前                                                      prevent(v.)防止→pre(before)+vent(come)     *Topreventsportsinjury,it’sbesttostretchbeforeyouexercise. predict(v.)預測→pre(before)+dict(speak)     *Thatfortunetellerpredictedthatthecouplewouldbreakupintwomonths. precise(a.)精確的→pre(before)+cise(cut)     *Pleasebeprecisewhenyoudescribewhatyoudidfrom7to10lastnight.  unprecedented(a.)史無前例的→un(not)+pre(before)+ced(go)+ented(形容詞詞尾)       *Heachievedunprecedentedsuccess.3.post-=after後                                                     postpone(v.)延後→post(after)+pone(place)*Themeetingwaspostponedto3pm. Postwar(a.)戰後的→post(after)+war     *Hedidastudyonthepostwarworldeconomy. postscript(n.)信末附註；後記(略作P.S.)→post(after)+script(write)     *Donaaddedapostscripttoherletter. posterity(n.)後代→post(after)+erity(名詞字尾)     *Wemusttrytoprotecttheenvironmentforposterity.4.co-,col,com-,con-=together一起，共同                                                      coworker(n.)同事→co(together)+work+er(onewho)     *IwenttoaKTVwithmycoworkerslastnight. collect(v.)收集→col(together)+lect(choose)     *Jeffcollectsuniquepiecesofartfromaroundtheworld.  commute(v.)通勤→com(together)+mute(change)     *ShecommutesbetweenTaipeiandTaoyuaneveryday. consolidate(v.)合併→con(together)+sol(one)+idate(動詞詞尾)     *Thetwofirmsconsolidatedtoformanewcompany.5.sym-,syn-,=together一起，共同                                system(n.)系統 →sy(s)=syn(together)+stem(stand)     *ThefloodingcausedatotalcollapseoftheMRTsystem. symbol(n.)象徵→sym(together)+bol(throw)     *ThecrossisthemainsymbolofChristianity. symphony(n.)交響樂→sym(together)+phony(sound)     *TheorchestraplayedaBeethovensymphony. symposium(n.)研討會→sym(together)+pos(drink)+ium(名詞字尾)     *We’reholdingasymposiumonwirelesstelecommunications.6.super-,sur-=over,above在上                                   surface(n.)表面→sur(above)+face     *Thesurfaceofthelakewascoveredwithice. survey(n.)調查→sur(over)+vey(view)     *Companiesoftensendoutsurveystogetfeedbackontheirproducts. superficial(a.)膚淺的→super(over)+fic(face)+ial(形容詞詞尾)     *Thereporteraskedrathersuperficialquestions. superstition(n.)迷信→super(over)+stit(stand)+ion(名詞字尾)     *It’sjustasuperstitiontobelievewalkingunderaladderbringsbadluck.7.sub-,suf-,sup-,sus-=under在下                                                      suburb(n.)市郊→sub(under)+urb(city)     *Therearealotofbenefitstolivinginthesuburbs.  support(v.)支持→sup(under)+port(carry)     *I’mgratefulforyoursupport. suspect(v.)懷疑→sus(under)+(s)pect(look)     *Wedidn’tsuspectathing. sufficient(a.)充分的→suf(under)+fic(do)+ient(形容詞字尾)     *Welacksufficientfundstopromotethissocialwelfareprogram.8.ad-=to,toward向前                                      adapt(v.)適應→ad(to)+apt(fit)     *She’stryingtoadaptherselftolifeinNewYork. advance(n.)進步→ad(toward)+vance(front)     *Thelastdecadehasseenawealthoftechnologicaladvances. attain(v.)達成→at=ad(to)+tain(hold)     *MauricehasattainedahighleveloffluencyinFrench. alleviate(v.)減輕，緩和→al=ad(to)+lev(light)+iate(動詞字尾)     *Themedicinealleviatedherpain.9.re=back向後                                                     return(v.)回來→re(back)+turn     *InJenny’sletter,shesaidshewouldreturninMay. reject(v.)拒絕→re(back)+ject(throw)     *Ourcompanyrejectedhisproposal. reserve(v.)預定；保留→re(back)+serve(keep)     *Don’tforgettoreserveahotelroombeforeweleave. retrospect(n.)回顧→retro(backward)+spect(look)     *Inretrospect,Ishouldhavetoldhimthetruth.10.e-,ef-,ex-=out向外                                                      express(v.)表達→ex(out)+press     *I’mnotverygoodatexpressingmyself.  export(v.)出口→ex(out)+port(carry)     *Americaexportsmillionsoftonsofagriculturalproduceeveryyear. effect(n.)影響→ef(out)+fect(do)*Doctorshaverepeatedlywarnedpeopleoftheseriouseffectofnoiseontheirhearing.eradicate(v.)根除→e(out)+radic(root)+ate(動詞字尾)     *Thepresidentpledgedtoeradicatecorruption.11.anti-=against反對                                                    anti-American(a.)反美的→anti(against)+American(America)     *Anti-AmericansentimentsintheMiddleEasthaveadeephistory. antisocial(a.)反社會的→anti(against)+soci(group)+al(形容詞字尾)     *Somepeoplethinkthatvideogamescauseantisocialbehavior. antidote(n.)解藥→anti(against)+dote(give)     *Thepatienttookanantidotetothedeadlypoison. antipathy(n.)反感→anti(against)+path(feel)+y(名詞字尾)     *Shehasadeepantipathytothepress.12.contra-,contro-=against反對                                                      contrary(a.)相反的→contra(against)+ry(形容詞字尾)     *Inthemeeting,Cindyexpressedcontraryopinion. contrast(n.)差異→contra(against)+st(stand)     *Thecontrastbetweenourlifestyleishuge. contradict(v.)與．．．矛盾→contra(against)+dic(speak)     *Whathesaidcontradictedtheofficialreport.  controversial(a.)具爭議性的→contro(against)+vers(turn)+ial(形容詞字尾)     *Abortionisahighlycontroversialissue.13.ob=against反對                                                      opposite(a.)相反的→op=ob(against)+pos(place)+ite(形容詞字尾)     *Ifyouwanttogotothemuseum,youshouldwalkintheoppositedirection.  offend(v.)觸怒→of=ob(against)+fend(strike)     *Juliewasclearlyoffendedbyherson’slanguage,butshedidn’tsayanything. obstacle(n.)阻礙→ob(against)+sta(stand)+cle(名詞字尾)     *Theonlyobstaclewehaverightnowisourbudget. opponent(n.)對手→op=ob(against)+pon(place)+ent(名詞字尾)     *MychiefopponentinthenextelectionwillbeJerryLee.14.dis-=not不                                                    disagree(v.)不一致→dis(not)+agree     *EveryonesaysFrenchfoodisthebestintheworld,butIdisagree.  dishonest(a.)不誠實的→dis(not)+honest     *MichaelhasbeendishonestwithmeandIwillnevertrusthimagain. distract(v.)使分心→dis(not)+tract(draw)     *Abarkingdogdistractedme. disabled(a.)殘障的→dis(not)+able+d(形容詞字尾)     *It’sextremelydifficultforthedisabledtofindjobs.15.im-,in-,un-=not不                                           impatient(a.)不耐煩的→im(not)+pati(suffer)+ent(形容詞字尾)     *Hebecameveryimpatientwithhisson. unbelievable(a.)難以置信的→un(not)+believ(believe)+able(形容詞字尾)     *It’sunbelievablehowluckywe’vebeen.unsuitable(a.)不適合的→un(not)+suit(follow)+able(形容詞字尾)  *Davidisunsuitableforthatrole. illiterate(a.)不識字的→il=in(not)+liter(letter)+ate(形容詞字尾)     *Manypeopleinthatpoorruralareaareilliterate.16.uni-=one一                                                universe(n.)宇宙→uni(one)+verse(turn)     *Therearebillionsandbillionsofstarsintheuniverse. unique(a.)獨特的；唯一的→uni(one)+que(形容詞字尾)     *Alicecertainlyhasauniquepersonality. unisex(a.)不分性別的，男女通用的→uni(one)+sex     *ThisisaunisexT-shirt. unanimously(adv.)全部一致地→un=uni(one)+anim(mind)+ous+ly(副詞字尾)     *SinceTomwasthebestcandidate,wevotedunanimouslyforhim.17.mono-=one一                                                    monopoly(n.)專賣權，獨占→mono(one)+pol(sell)+y(名詞字尾)     *Thegovernmentusetohaveamonopolyontobaccoandalcohol. monotonous(a.)單調的→mono(one)+ton(tone)+ous(形容詞字尾)     *Jamiethinkslifeinthecountryismonotonous. monarchy(n.)君主政體→mon(o)(one)+arch(rule)+y(名詞字尾)     *ThemonarchyinEnglandstillplaysaveryimportantroleinBritishculture. monogamy(n.)一夫一妻制→mono(one)+gam(marriage)+y(名詞字尾)     *Mostpeopleoptformonogamy.18.bi-=two二                                                 bicycle(n.)腳踏車→bi(two)+cycle(circle)     *Paulgoestoschoolbybicycle. biweekly(a.)兩週一次的→bi(two)+week+ly(形容詞字尾)     *Wepublishabiweeklynewspaper. biannual(a.)半年一次的→bi(two)+annu(year)+al(形容詞字尾)     *TheyholdabiannualmeetinginTaipei. bilingual(a.)雙語的→bi(two)+lingu(tongue)+al(形容詞字尾)     *Thecostoftuitionatbilingualkindergartensisveryhigh.19.di-,du-=two二                                       double(a.)兩人用的；兩倍的→dou=du(two)+ble(fold)     *I’musedtosleepingonadoubleroom.  dozen(n.)一打→do=du(two)+zen(ten)     *Couldyoubringhomeadozeneggs? dilemma(n.)進退兩難→di(two)+lemma(proposition)     *I’mstillinadilemmaaboutwhetherIshouldacceptthatjobornot. dichotomy(n.)二分法→dicho(two)+tom(cut)+y(名詞字尾)     *WhenIwasakid,Ibelievedthesimpledichotomybetweengoodandevil.20.deca-;deci-=ten;tenth十；十分之一                                                      decade(n.)十年→deca(ten)+(a)de(名詞字尾)     *Inthebeginning,peoplecalledrapmusicafad,butit’sbeenaroundnowformorethantwodecades. decibel(n.)分貝→deci(tenth)+bel(音量單位)     *Asoundlevelof100decibelsisveryloud. decimal(a.)十進位的→deci(tenth)+mal(形容詞字尾)     *Hoursarenotbasedonthedecimalsystem. decimate(v.)摧毀→deci(tenth)+mate(動詞字尾)     *The921earthquakedecimatedmanybuildingsincentralTaiwan.字根1.arch=chief;ancient首要的；古老的                                                        architect(n.)建築師→archi(chief)+tect(skill)     *Thisarchitectpresentedadesignfortheworld’stallestskyscraper. archaic(a.)古老的→arch(ancient)+aic(形容詞字尾)     *Somepeopleusearchaicwordsonlytoshowoff. matriarchal(a.)母系的→matri(mother)+arch(chief)+al(形容詞字尾)     *Inamatriarchalsociety,womenmakealltheimportantdecisions.  patriarchy(n.)父權體制→patri(father)+arch(chief)+y(名詞字尾)     *She,asafeminist,isagainstpatriarchy.2.pri,prim,prin=first第一                                 prince(n.)王子→prin(first)+ce(名詞字尾)     *TheLittlePrinceismyall-timefavoritebook. primary(a.)主要的→prim(first)+ary(形容詞字尾)     *Ourprimaryconcernistoprotectthechildrenfromharm.  priority(n.)優先→pri(first)+or+ity(名詞字尾)     *Youhavetodecidewhatyourprioritiesare.  principle(n.)原則→prin(first)+cip(take)+le(名詞字尾)     *Dannywon’tdoanythingthatgoesagainsthisprinciples.3.nov=new新                                            novel(n.)小說 (a.)新奇的→nov(new)+el(名詞/形容詞字尾)     *Theplotisthemostimportantthinginamysterynovel. innovation(n.)革新→in(in)+nov(new)+at+ion     *Innovationisthekeytofutureeconomicgrowth. renovate(v.)修護；使變新→re(again)+nov(new)+ate(動詞字尾)     *Edrenovatedhisoldapartmentandsolditataprofit. novice(n.)新手→nov(new)+ice(名詞字尾)     *I’manoviceatthisjob.4.magn,maj,maxi=great大                                major(n.)主修科目→maj(great)+or(名詞字尾)     *What’syourmajor,EnglsihorGerman? magnificent(a.)壯觀的→magn(great)+(i)fic(make)+ent(形容詞字尾)     *Atthishistoricsite,youcanseeseveralmagnificentplaces.  majestic(a.)雄偉的→maj(great)+estic(形容詞字尾)     *Weflewovermajesticmountains. maximum(a.)最大的→maxi(great)+(m)um(形容詞字尾)     *Thefactoryisrunning24hoursadayformaximumoutput.5.for,fort=strong強                                      effort(n.)努力→ef(out)+fort(strong)     *WhileIwasinSpain,Imadeanefforttotrynewkindsoffood. enforce(v.)執行→en(make)+force(strong)     *“It’smydutytoenforcethelaw,”saidthepoliceofficer. discomfort(n.)不舒服→dis(not)+com(加強語氣)+fort(strong)     *Youmayfeelsomediscomfortforacoupleofdays. fortify(v.)加強→for(strong)+ify(動詞字尾)     *ThismilkisfortifiedwithVitaminE.6.cor,cord,cour=heart心                                  courage(n.)勇氣→cour(heart)+age(名詞字尾)     *Ittakesalotofcouragetobeasoldier. core(n.)核心→core(heart)     *Youshouldgettothecoreoftheissue. accordance(n.)一致→ac=ad(to)+cord(heart)+ance(名詞字尾)     *Weplayedthegameinaccordancewiththerules. cordial(a.)熱忱的→(heart)+ial(形容詞字尾)     *Thehostgavethemacordialgreeting.7.ment=mind心智                                        mention(v.)提到→ment(mind)+ion(動詞字尾)     *Selenadidn’tmentionthatshehadinvitedsomanypeopletotheparty. mentally(adv.)心理上→ment(mind)+al+ly(副詞字尾)     *I’mmentallypreparedforthetest,butphysicallyexhausted.  comment(n.)評論→com(thoroughly)+ment(mind)     *Beingaverycarefulperson,sheisquitereservedingivinghercomments. demented(a.)精神失常的→de(away)+ment(mind)+ed(形容詞字尾)     *Helooksabitdemented,buthe’sactuallyverynormal.8.cred=believe相信                                      credit(n.)信用→cred(believe)+it(名詞字尾)     *Haveyoupaidyourcreditcardbill? incredible(a.)很棒的；令人難以置信的→in(not)+cred(believe)+ible(形容詞字尾)     *ThatdinnerChrisandTinamadewasjustincredible.  credentials(n.)[複]文憑，證件→cred(believe)+ent+ials(名詞字尾)     *Marywantedtobecomeateacher,butshelackedthepropercredentials. accredited(a.)認可的→ac=ad(to)+cred(believe)+it+ed(形容詞字尾)     *Toapplyforthisposition,youmusthaveadegreefromanaccreditedcollege.9.cert=sure確信                                           certain(a.)確定的→cert(sure)+ain(形容詞字尾)     *Nobodyknewforcertainwhattheboxcontained,butwecouldhearsomethingmovinginside. certificate(n.)證書→cert(sure)+(i)fic(make)+ate(名詞字尾)     *IneedtohavemycertificatetranslatedintoEnglish. certified(a.)有證照的→cert(sure)+ifi+ed(形容詞字尾)     *Kevinislearninghowtoscubadivewithacertifiedinstructor. ascertain(v.)確定→as=ad(to)cert(sure)+ain(動詞字尾)     *Theresearchershaveyettoascertaintheeffectsofthenewdrug.10.fed,fid=faith信心                                                      confident(a.)有信心的→con(加強語氣)+fid(faith)+ent(形容詞字尾)     *Tobysayshefeelsconfidentaboutthespeechhehastogive,butIthinkhe’sactuallyquitenervous.federal(a.)聯邦的→fed(faith)+er+al(形容詞字尾)  *Thesenatorcalledforgreatercooperationbetweenfederalandlocalgovernmentagencies. confidential(a.)機密的→con(加強語氣)+fid(faith)+ent+ial(形容詞字尾)     *It’sahighlyconfidentialreport,sodon’tshowittoanybody.  confidant(n.)親信→con(加強語氣)+fid(faith)+ant(名詞字尾)     *Onlythemayor’sclosestconfidantswereawareofhisplanstoresign.11.pass,path,pati=feel感受                                sympathy(n.)同情→sym(same)+path(feel)+y(名詞字尾)  passive(a.)消極的；被動的→pass(feel)+ive(形容詞字尾)     *Youcan’tbesopassiveaboutplanningyourfuture.  compassion(n.)同情→com(together)+pass(feel)+ion(名詞字尾)     *TheBuddhistreligionteachestheimportanceofbothwisdomandcompassion.  incompatible(a.)不能共存的，不合的→in(not)+com(together)+pati(feel)+ble=able     *Somepeoplebelievethatindustrialdevelopmentisincompatiblewithenvironmentalprotection.12.sens,sent=feel感覺                                                    sense(n.)感覺→sense(feel)     *I’mapersonwithapoorsenseofdirection. sensitive(a.)敏感的→sense(feel)+itive(形容詞字尾)     *Diplomatsneedtobesensitivetotheculturesoftheplaceswheretheywork.  consent(n.)同意→con(together)+sent(feel)     *Youmustsignaconsentformbeforeundergoingtheoperation. sensational(a.)煽情的→sens(feel)+at+ion+al(形容詞字尾)     *Sensationalnewsstoriescangivepeopleadistortedviewofreality.13.grac,grat=pleasing快樂                                                    graceful(a.)優雅的→grace(pleasing)+ful(形容詞字尾)     *Theballetdancers’gracefulmovementsdelightedtheaudience. disgrace(n.)恥辱→dis(not)+grace(pleasing)     *Thebasketballteam’spoorperformanceinthetournamentwasadisgracetotheirschool.  congratulate(v.)祝賀，恭喜→con(together)+gra(pleasing)+ul+ate(動詞字尾)    *IcongratulatedMaggieonwinningtheaward. ingratiate(v.)討人歡心→in(in)+grat(pleasing)+iate(動詞字尾)     *Ifyouwantapromotioninthisdepartment,you’llhavetoingratiateyourselfwiththemanager.14.neg=none,not否定                                                     neglect(v.)忽視→neg(not)+lect(choose)     *Ben’sbeensobusythathe’sneglectedhisfamily.                                                    negative(a.)負面的→neg(none)+ative(形容詞字尾)     *Forhours,we’veheardnothingbutnegativecriticism. negotiate(v.)協商→neg(not)+oti(leisure)+ate(動詞     *Herpersonalitymakesitverydifficulttonegotiateandreachanagreementwithher. negligible(a.)微不足道的→neg(not)+lig(choose)+ible(形容詞字尾)     *Overthepastfewyears,populationgrowthintheindustrializedcountrieshasbeennegligible.15.pen,pun=punish懲罰                                  punish(v.)懲罰→pun(punish)+ish(動詞字尾)     *Brendawasseverelypunishedbecausesheliedtohermother. penalty(n.)罰款；懲罰→pen(punish)+al+ty(名詞字尾)     *Thepenaltyforspeedingonthehighwayis100dollars. impunity(n.)不受懲罰→im(not)+pun(punish)+ity(名詞字尾)     *Thedictator’shenchmanbrokethelawwithimpunity.  punitive(a.)懲罰性的→pun(punish)+itive(形容詞字尾)     *Afterbeingattackedbytherebels,governmentforceslaunchedapunitiveexpeditionagainsttheirbase.16.cogn,gnos=know認知                                                    ignore(v.)忽視→i(n)(not)+gnore(know)     *Ignoretheviruswarning;it’sjustahoax. recognize(v.)認出→re(again)+cogn(know)+ize(動詞字尾)     *LisaischangedsomuchthatIdidn’tevenrecognizeher. diagnosis(n.)診斷→dia(through)+gnos(know)+is(名詞字尾)     *Earlydiagnosisisimportantinthetreatmentofmanydiseases.  ignorant(a.)無知的→i(n)(not)+gnor(know)+ant(形容詞字尾)     *Hedidn’tgotocollege,butthatdoesn’tmeanhe’signorant.17.mem(or)=remember記憶                               remember(v.)記得→re(back)+mem(remember)+ber     *ThewomanlookedfamiliartoStanley,buthecouldn’trememberthename.  memory(n.)記憶，回憶→mem(remember)+ory(名詞字尾)     *Ihaveafaintmemoryoftalkingtoheraboutthetrip.  memoirs(n.)[複]回憶錄→memo(i)rs(remember)     *Afterretiring,theindustrialistplanstospendhistimeplayinggolfandwritinghismemoirs. commemorate(v.)紀念→com(together)+memor(remember)+ate(動詞字尾)     *Theyerectedamonumenttocommemoratethesoldierswhodiedinthewarofindependence.18.gram,graph=write書寫                                                     photographer(n.)攝影師→photo(light)+graph(write)+er(onewho)     *Wehiredaprofessionalphotographerforourwedding.                                                          programmer(n.)程式設計師→pro(for)+gram(write)+er(onewho)     *Amandaisahighlytrainedcomputerprogrammer. biography(n.)傳記→bio(life)+graph(write)+y(名詞字尾)     *ThisbiographyportraysChurchillasamanofhisword. autography(n.)親筆簽名→auto(self)+graph(write)     *Julieaskedthemoviestarforhisautograph.19.scrib,script=write書寫                                                     script(n.)劇本→script(write)     *It’sdifficultformetomemorizethescriptinsuchashorttime. describe(v.)敘述；描寫→de(down)+scribe(write)     *Hedescribedwidelyeverythingthathappenedtherelastnight. subscribe(v.)訂閱→sub(under)+scribe(write)     *Ourlibrarysubscribedtothousandsofperiodicals.  scribble(v.)亂塗；潦草書寫→scrib(write)+ble(動詞字尾)     *Mynephewlovestoscribbleonthewallwithcrayons.20.logy=studyof學科                                                      biology(n.)生物學→bio(life)+logy(studyof)     *Hewantstolearnaboutplanets,sohe’sgoingtostudybiologyincollege. technology(n.)技術→teco(skill)+logy(studyof)     *Thisvideocamerausesthelatestdigitaltechnology. sociology(n.)社會學→socio(group)+logy(studyof)     *Shehasamaster’sdegreeinsociology. psychology(n.)心理學→psycho(mind)+logy(studyof)     *Psychologyisthestudyofthebehaviorandmentalprocessesofhumanbeings.21.tach,tact,tag=touch觸摸                                                    contact(v.)聯絡→con(together)+tact(touch)     *Itriedtocontactherfordays. attach(v.)附上→at=ad(to)+tach(touch)     *Myreportwasattachedtothee-mailIsentyou.  tactful(a.)不得罪人的；老練的→tact(touch)+ful(形容詞字尾)     *It’swisetobetactfulwhencriticizingothers. contagious(a.)具傳染性的→con(together)+tag(touch)+ious(形容詞字尾)     *Becareful;thisdiseaseiscontagious.22.aud=hear聽                                                    audience(n.)觀眾，聽眾→aud(hear)+ience(名詞字尾)     *Intelevisioncall-inprograms,thereisalotofgive-and-takebetweenthehostandaudience.  audition(v.)試鏡→aud(hear)+it(go)+ion(動詞/名詞字尾)     *I’mgoingtoauditionforapartinthatplay.  audiovisual(a.)視聽的→audio(hear)+vis(see)+ual(形容詞字尾)     *Manyschoolsaremakingincreasinguseofaudiovisualresourcesintheclassroom.  auditorium(n.)大禮堂→aud(hear)+it(go)+or(onewho)+ium(名詞字尾)     *Thestudentsgatheredintheauditoriumtolistentoaspeechbytheprincipal.23.spect=look看                                                    expect(v.)期望→ex(out)+(s)pect(look)     *Havinggraduatedfromaprestigiousschool,sheexpectedahighsalary.  inspect(v.)檢查→in(in)+spect(look)  *Allofthecompany’sproductsarecarefullyinspectedbeforebeingdeliveredtoclients.  aspect(n.)層面→a(d)(to)+spect(look)     *Youhavetoconsiderthisproblemfromallaspects.  perspective(n.)觀點→per(through)+spect(look)+ive(名詞字尾)     *Frommyperspective,thebestwaytoimprovetheeconomyistostimulatespending.24.vid,vis=look看                                       visit(v.)參觀→vis(see)+it(go)     *ShehasvisitedEuropebefore.  video(n.)影像→vid(see)+eo(名詞字尾)     *I’mgoingtobuythelatestvideogame.  evident(a.)明顯的→e(x)(out)+vid(see)+ent(形容詞字尾)     *It’sevidentthatthereisaconnectionbetweensocialbackgroundandacademicachievement.  supervisor(n.)管理者，上司→super(over)+vis(see)+or(onewho)*Rossworksasasupervisoratanon-profitorganization.25.chor=sing唱                                                    chord(n.)和弦→chor(sing)+d(名詞字尾)     *Achordismadeupofatleastthreenotes.  carol(n.)頌歌→car(sing)+ol(名詞字尾)     *SandylovestosingChristmascarols,eventhoughshecan’tcarryatune.  chorus(n.)合唱團；合唱→chor(sing)+us(名詞字尾)     *Jamessingstenorinthecampuschorus.  choir(n.)唱詩班→choir(sing)     *Garylearnedhowtosinginhischurch’schoir.26.dic,dict=speak說                                                    dictionary(n.)字典→dict(speak)+ionary(名詞字尾)     *CanIborrowyourdictionaryforaminute?  dedicate(v.)致力於；奉獻→de(off)+dic(speak)+ate(動詞字尾)     *Shehasdedicatedherlifetohelpingthepoor.  indicate(v.)表示→in(in)+dic(speak)+ate(動詞字尾)     *Yourtestsindicatethatyou’recompletelyhealthy.  addict(n.)上癮者→ad(to)+dict(speak)     *Hisparentsaredrugaddicts.27.log,logue=speak說                                                     dialog(ue)對話→dia(through)+log(ue)(speak)     *Thetwocountriesshouldengageindialog(ue)toresolvetheirproblems.  catalog(ue)(n.)目錄→cata(down)+log(ue)(speak)     *Danielboughthiswatchthroughamailordercatalog(ue). apology(n.)道歉→apo(from)+log(speak)+y(名詞字尾)     *YoureallyhurtmeandIthinkyouowemeanapology.  monologue(n.)獨白→mono(one)+logue(speak)     *Theplayendedwithamonologuebythemaincharacter.28.loqu=speak說                                                    colloquial(a.)口語的→col(together)+loqu(speak)+ial(形容詞字尾)     *Colloquialexpressionsareconstantlychanging. eloquent(a.)雄辯的→e(x)(out)+loqu(speak)+ent(形容詞字尾)     *Georgeisaneloquentspeaker. loquacious(a.)多話的→loqu(speak)+ac+ious(形容詞字尾)     *Manypeoplebecomeloquaciousafterhavingafewdrinks. grandiloquent(a.)高昂的；浮誇的→grandi(great)+loqu(speak)+ent(形容詞字尾)     *Theking’sproclamationwaswritteningrandiloquentlanguage.單字辨別具語法功能的詞彙意即根據單字在句子中所在的位置判斷其為形容詞、名詞、動詞、副詞等，然後找出主詞、行為動作、人物、時間、地點等來增加對句意瞭解的程度。

在此階段就要進入「字群」的瀏覽，「形容詞＋名詞」當做一個單位，主詞、時間、地點也可能不只一個字，都得當做各別的單位來讀。

以88年度聯考英文閱讀測驗之短文為例：「形容詞＋名詞」astrangebraindisease、greatjoy、hispastlife、asmallgroupofsingers、greatpleasure、personalrecommendation、personaljudgment、manyproblems、inayoungdog、animportantlesson、inaloudvoice、agooddog、thegoodbehavior、anoldshoe、verybadcolds、manypeople、anydisease、thisdeadlydisease、personalcleanliness「主詞」agiftedyoungconductor、everymomentintime、agoodbook、awell-designedtankbook、first-timedogowners、manypetowners、anolderdog、anotherbadhabit、thewrongthing、theanimals'wastematter、ahugeduststorm、theburningwastematter、morethanonehundredmen、medicalscience「時間」afewyearsago、fromnowon、atthesametime、foralifetime、onedayin1918、twodayslater、bynoon、inmoderntimes、inthesamemonth、injustfourmonths、inthosedays「地點」inourshop、inmytown、atanarmycampinAmerica、ineverypartoftheworld掌握字詞搭配的慣例字詞搭配(collocation)是指字與字間的連用關係，包括「動詞＋名詞」，例如tojudgethecontents；「名詞＋介系詞」，例如hisloveforhiswife；「形容詞＋名詞」，例如greatjoy；「動詞＋副詞」，例如traveledfast；「副詞＋形容詞」，例如verybadcolds；「名詞＋名詞」，例如braindisease、petowners；「冠詞＋名詞」，例如givehimatreat。

　　背單字最忌死背「單」字(isolatedword)，因為這種死記、死背的方法會造成只知其義，不知如何應用的下場。

單字應從「意義字群」(sensegroup)中學得，因此，在學習英文的過程中，要學會利用字詞搭配來學單字，特別是動詞的用法。

再以88年度聯考英文閱讀測驗之短文為例，值得學習的動詞用法有：wasstruckbyastrangebraindisease、beginstosingandconductasongbyMozart、knowlittleandcarenothingaboutweapons、isconfinedtothebook'sproduction、mayencountermanyproblems、turnedthesuncompletelyblack、tocomplainofhavingverybadcolds、tofightinthewaragainstGermany、turnedtowardprevention、nottocoughorsneezewithoutcoveringtheirmouths。

　　若能養成習慣用以上這種字詞搭配的學習法來學英文，既有助於記憶單字，又可習得idiomaticexpression，避免寫出「中式英文」(Chinglish)，因此稱得上是「一石二鳥」之計。

英文能不能寫得用字精確、流暢，文體、組織架構成不成熟，端賴能不能找到最適當的「動詞＋名詞」搭配、最適當的「形容詞＋名詞」搭配、最適當的「動詞＋副詞」搭配或最適當的「動詞＋介系詞」搭配。

所以，想在聯考英文作文獲得高分或是有志寫好英文書信的英語學習者，一定要注意字詞搭配並且潛心「練功」，勤做筆記、整理歸納，相信「流淚播種的，必歡呼收割。

」了解詞彙之構詞法則意即要先具備某種程度的構字知識，因為構詞法則(morphology)有助於理解字義，所以能降低學習的難度，然後再談進一步的弄清字義。

動詞+-s(第三人稱單數現在式)-es(第三人稱單數現在式)-ed(過去式)-ing(進行式)名詞+-s(複數)-es(複數)-'s(所有格)形容詞+-er(比較級)-est(最高)這些後綴的元素在語言學中稱之為「變化語素」(inflectionalmorpheme)，其功用為指示一個字的語法功能。

　　在英文中，字尾(suffix)置於單字的尾部，主要的作用在表示單字的詞類，這些後綴的元素在語言學中稱之為「衍生語素」(derivationalmorpheme)，利用加上字尾來造新字，往往造成與原字幹(stem)不同的詞類。

例如：形成名詞的字尾有-ance(appearANCE)、-ancy(expectANCY)、-ence(differENCE)、-ency(persistENCY)、-al(dismissAL)、-age(shortAGE)、-ary(depositARY)、-dom(freeDOM)、-er(boilER)、-hood(childHOOD)、-ice(justICE)、-ing(bankING)、-ism(realISM)、-ment(developMENT)、-ness(kindNESS)、-ship(friendSHIP)、-th(growTH)、-itude(longITUDE)、-ture(mixTURE)、-ure(failURE)、-cy(bankruptCY)、-ry(forestRY)、-ery(fishERY)、-ization(modernIZATION)、-ation(limitATION)、-ition(addITION)、-ion(discussION)、-ability(adaptABILITY)、ibility(resistIBILITY)、-ivity(productIVITY)、-ity(specialITY)、-ty(safeTY)、-y(discovery)形成「人」的字尾有-aire(millionAIRE)、-ant(accountANT)、-ard(drunkARD)、-ary(secretARY)、-ee(employEE)、-er(teachER)、-eer(mountainEER)、-ent(correspondENT)、-ess(poetESS)、-ress(waitRESS)、-i(IraqI)、-ian(guardIAN)、-ier(cashIER)、-ist(artIST)、-ior(superIOR)、-or(conductOR)、-ster(gangSTER)、-man(chairMAN)、-ine(heroINE)、-ot(zealOT)、-yer(lawYER)形成形容詞的字尾有-able(reasonABLE)、-al(traditionAL)、-an(republicAN)、-ant(assistANT)、-ary(elementARY)、-ate(considerATE)、-atic(idiomATIC)、-ative(talkATIVE)、-ed(giftED)、-en(goldEN)、-ent(dependENT)、-ern(westERN)、-ful(useFUL)、-ial(partIAL)、-ible(resistIBLE)、-ic(periodIC)、-ical(symbolICAL)、-ing(burnING)、-ior(interIOR)、-ish(foolISH)、-istic(idealISTIC)、-ive(attractIVE)、-less(sleepLESS)、-like(childLIKE)、-ous(dangerOUS)、-ory(contradictORY)、-proof(waterPROOF)、-some(quarrelSOME)、-ual(spiritUAL)、-y(windY)形成動詞的字尾有ate(liquidATE)、-en(threatEN)、-ize(industrialIZE)形成副詞的字尾有-ably(comfortABLY)、-ibly(resistIBLY)、-ly(quickLY)、-s(upstairS)、-wards(backWARDS)、-wise(clockWISE)　擴增英文字彙最直接、最有效的方法首推分析、瞭解英文單字的構詞法則，而前綴的元素在語言學中亦稱之為「衍生語素」，利用加上字首(prefix)來造新字，造成與原字幹不同的字義。

例如：形成「否定」的字首有形成「反對」的字首有a-(Atheist)ab-(ABnormal)dis-(DISappear)il-(ILlegal)im-(IMpossible)in-(INdirect)ir-(IRregular)non-(NONfiction)un-(UNhappy)anti-(ANTIbiotic)contra-(CONTRAdict)counter-(COUNTERattack)形成「前」的字首有形成「後」的字首有anti-(ANTIbiotic)contra-(CONTRAdict)counter-(COUNTERattack)after-(AFTERwards)post-(POSTwar)re-(REtreat)retro-(RETROspect)with-(WITHdraw)形成「上」的字首有形成「下」的字首有ex-(EXcess)over-(OVERhead)super-(SUPERman)sur-(SURface)ultra-(ULTRAshort)up-(UPward)de-(DEpress)sub-(SUBway)under-(UNDERground)形成「內」的字首有形成「外」的字首有em-(EMbrace)en-(ENclose)im-(IMport)in-(INclude)inter-(INTERnal)intra-(INTRAregional)intro-(INTROduce)ex-(EXport)out-(OUTlook)形成「一起」的字首有形成「分離」的字首有co-(COeducation)col-(COLlaborate)com-(COMpanion)con-(CONtemporary)cor-(CORrespond)sym-(SYMpathy)syn-(SYNthesis)ab-(ABsence)de-(DEpart)dis-(DISmiss)se-(SEclude)形成「大」的字首有形成「小」的字首有maxi-(MAXImum)magni-(MAGNItude)mega-(MEGAphone)macro-(MACROeconomics)mini-(MINImum)micro-(MICROscope)形成「好」的字首有形成「不好」的字首有bene-(BENEfit)　eu-(EUlogy)wel-(WELfare)dys-(DYSfunction)　mal-(MALnutrition)mis-(MISfortune)形成「極端」的字首有形成「橫越」的字首有extr-(EXTReme)　extra-(EXTRAordinary)trans-(TRANSport)形成「互相」的字首有形成「自己」的字首有inter-(INTERact)auto-(AUTObiography)形成「同」的字首有形成「副」的字首有homo-(HOMOsexual)sub-(SUBtitle)　　by-(BY-product)side-(SIDEeffect)形成「多」的字首有形成「過多」的字首有multi-(MULTIlingual)　poly-(POLYgon)hyper-(HYPERactive)形成「低」的字首有形成「半」的字首有hypo-(HYPOtension)demi-(DEMIgod)　　hemi-(HEMIsphere)semi-(SEMImonthly)形成「單一」的字首有形成「二」的字首有mono-(MONOgamy)　uni-(UNIform)bi-(BIcycle)形成「三」的字首有形成「五」的字首有tri-(TRIangle)　twi-(TWIfold)penta-(PENTAgon)形成「再」的字首有re-(REbuild) Poweredby Createyourownuniquewebsitewithcustomizabletemplates. GetStarted