網路平台仇恨言論管制與言論自由__臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統

仇恨言論的概念，特別是網路仇恨言論，受到各國政府或國際機構的關注。

學者，官僚和立法者都認為對於網路上仇恨言論是否應該受到監管仍然意見不一。

任何言論管制都將 ... 資料載入處理中... 跳到主要內容 臺灣博碩士論文加值系統 ::: 網站導覽| 首頁| 關於本站| 聯絡我們| 國圖首頁| 常見問題| 操作說明 English |FB專頁 |Mobile 免費會員 登入| 註冊 功能切換導覽列 (165.22.51.111)您好！臺灣時間：2022/07/1606:49 字體大小：       ::: 詳目顯示 recordfocus 第1筆/ 共1筆  /1頁 論文基本資料 摘要 外文摘要 目次 參考文獻 電子全文 紙本論文 論文連結 QRCode 本論文永久網址: 複製永久網址Twitter研究生:林均研究生(外文):Lin,Chun論文名稱:網路平台仇恨言論管制與言論自由論文名稱(外文):OnlineHateSpeechRegulationandFreeSpeech指導教授:范建得指導教授(外文):Fan,Chien-Te口試委員:陳仲嶙、葉志良口試委員(外文):Chen,Chung-Lin、Yeh,Chih-Liang口試日期:2019-11-19學位類別:碩士校院名稱:國立清華大學系所名稱:科技法律研究所學門:法律學門學類:專業法律學類論文種類:學術論文論文出版年:2019畢業學年度:108語文別:英文論文頁數:123中文關鍵詞:言論自由、網路平台、仇恨言論外文關鍵詞:freespeech、onlineplatform、hatespeech相關次數: 被引用:0點閱:815評分:下載:251書目收藏:0 仇恨言論的概念，特別是網路仇恨言論，受到各國政府或國際機構的關注。

學者，官僚和立法者都認為對於網路上仇恨言論是否應該受到監管仍然意見不一。

任何言論管制都將不可避免地帶來言論自由的問題，例如政府能否提出管制仇恨言論的憲法正當性以。

現今我們的大部分言論都是在網路上對話，因此政府需要網路平台的幫助來執行這些網路上的言論管制。

這樣情形也會帶出私人審查言論的問題。

在這篇論文中，我將討論仇恨言論的概念以及它是否是一種應該受到管制的言論。

本文將討論利用網路平台的來管制網路上仇恨言論管制的有效性與正當性。

因為政府需要網路平台來管制言論，相關政策將賦予平台前所未見的私人審查言論權力權。

本文將討論政府有無權力限制網路平台的的私人言論審查力量，並且如何確保限制網路平台權利時，仍然保護網路平台的商業利益和權利。

最後，本論文將給出一個解決方案，確保網路上個人的言論自由受到保護，不被政府或私人言論審查侵害。

Theconceptofhatespeech,especiallyonlinehatespeech,isatopicaddressbymanygovernmentsorinternationalauthorities.Scholars,bureaucrats,andlegislatorsallhavedifferentopiniononwhetheronlinehatespeechshouldberegulated.Anyspeechregulationwillinevitablybringforththeproblemoffreespeech,suchascanthegovernmentjustifiedtheseregulationsundertheconstitution.Becausemostofourpublicdiscourseisconductedonlineintheseday,thegovernmentneedthehelpofonlineplatformsthathostpeople’sspeechtoenforcethesespeechregulation.Thiswillalsobringouttheproblemofprivatecensorship.Inthisthesis,Iwilldiscusstheconceptofhatespeechandwhetheritisakindofspeechthatshouldberegulated.Thenthisthesiswilldiscussthevalidityofthecurrentonlinespeechregulationthatinvolvesthehelpofonlineplatforms.Becausethegovernmentneedthehelpoftheonlineplatformsandmostofourdiscourseisnowonline,thisgivetheonlineplatformsunprecedentcensorshippower.Thisthesiswilldiscusscanthegovernmentlimitthesepowerofprivatecensorshipbutalsoprotectthecommercialinterestandrightsoftheonlineplatform.Finally,thisthesiswillgiveasolutionthatwillensurethateveryonecanexercisefreespeechwithoutbeingcensorbythegovernmentorprivateentity. TableofContentI.INTRODUCTION:1A.AIMANDPURPOSEOFTHISTHESIS1B.METHODOLOGY2C.LITERATUREREVIEW3II.ANOVERVIEWOFHATESPEECH6A.DEFININGHATESPEECHINANONLINEENVIRONMENT6B.COMPARISONOFSIMILARCONCEPT12C.REASONSSUPPORTINGORAGAINSTREGULATINGHATESPEECH27D.CONSTITUTIONALREVIEWOFHATESPEECHREGULATION30E.CHAPTERCONCLUSION51III.ONLINEPLATFORMS:WHEREHATESPEECHAREREGULATED52A.DEFININGONLINEPLATFORMS52B.GOVERNMENTREASONSONREGULATINGONLINEPLATFORMS54C.CONSTITUTIONALREVIEWONONLINEPLATFORMREGULATION61D.INTERNATIONALPRINCIPLEFOROFONLINEPLATFORMREGULATION67E.CHAPTERCONCLUSION70IV.LEGISLATIVEEXAMPLESOFONLINEHATESPEECHREGULATION71A.PUBLIC-PRIVATECOOPERATIONREGULATION71B.NGOS,CIVILRIGHTSGROUPCOOPERATION76C.INCREASEONLINEPLATFORMLIABILITIES76D.ONLINEPLATFORMSELF-REGULATION81E.CHAPTERCONCLUSION89V.RECOMMENDATIONSOFTAIWAN’SONLINEHATESPEECHREGULATION91A.STRIKINGABALANCEBETWEENFREESPEECHANDCOMMERCIALINTEREST92B.APROPOSEDSOLUTION94C.CHAPTERCONCLUSION:105VI.THESISCONCLUSION107REFERENCE109A.INENGLISH109B.INCHINSES120 ReferenceA.InEnglish1.ArticlesAshleyA.Anderson,The“NastyEffect:”OnlineIncivilityandRiskPerceptionsofEmergingTechnologies,19JournalofComputer-MediatedCommunication,373,383(2014)BethEliseWhitaker,ExportingthePatriotAct?Democracyandthe'WaronTerror'intheThirdWorld,28ThirdWorldQuarterly,1017,1026(2007)BernardSchwartz,HolmesVersusHand:ClearandPresentDangerorAdvocacyofUnlawfulAction?,1994Sup.Ct.Rev.209,240(1994)BryceGoodman&SethFlaxman,EuropeanUnionregulationsonalgorithmicdecision-makinganda"righttoexplanation",38AIMagazine50,52(2017)CassR.Sunstein,FreeSpeechNow,59U.Chi.L.Rev.255(1992)CassR.Sunstein,LowValueSpeechRevisited,83Nw.U.L.Rev.555(1989)CatherineE.Tucker,SocialNetworks,PersonalizedAdvertising,andPrivacyControls,5JournalofMarketingResearch,546(2014)CharlesR.LawrenceIII,IfHeHollersLetHimGo:RegulatingRacistSpeechOnCampus,1990DukeL.J.431(1990)ChristinaMulligan,TechnologicalIntermediariesandFreedomofthePress,66SMUL.Rev.157(2013)ClaudiaE.Haupt,RegulatingHateSpeech--DamnedIfYouDoAndDamnedIfYouDon't:LessonsLearnedFromComparingTheGermanAndU.S.Approaches,23B.U.Int'lL.J.299(2005)ChristinaE.Wells,FearandLoathinginConstitutionalDecision-Making,2005Wis.L.Rev.115,133(2005)ClaudiaG.Catalano,Validity,Construction,andApplicationofImmunityProvisionsofCommunicationsDecencyAct,47U.S.C.A.§230,52A.L.R.Fed.2d37(2011)DanL.Burk,TrademarksAlongtheInfobahn:AFirstLookattheEmergingLawofCybermarks,1RICH.J.L.&TECH.1(1995).DavidA.Jacobs,TheBanOfNeo-NaziMusic:GermanyTakesOnTheNeo-Nazis,34Harv.Int'lL.J.563(1993)DavidR.Johnson&DavidPost,LawandBorders-TheRiseofLawinCyberspace,48StanL.Rev.1367(1996)DavidM.Rabban,TheEmergenceofModernFirstAmendmentDoctrine,50U.Chi.L.Rev.1205,1321(1983)DavidRiesman,DemocracyandDefamation:ControlofGroupLibel,42ColumbiaLawReview,727,728(1942)Doshi-Velez,Finale,andMasonKortz,AccountabilityofAIUndertheLaw:TheRoleofExplanation,BerkmanKleinCenterforInternet&Society(2017)EricGoldman,SearchEngineBiasandtheDemiseofSearchEngineUtopianism,8YaleJ.L.&Tech.188(2006)EugeneVolokh,FreedomOfSpeech,PermissibleTailoringAndTranscendingStrictScrutiny,144U.Pa.L.Rev.2417(1996)FelixT.Wu,CollateralCensorshipandtheLimitsofIntermediaryImmunity,87NotreDameL.Rev.293(2011)FrankPasquale,FederalSearchCommission?Access,Fairness,andAccountabilityintheLawofSearch,93CornellL.Rev.1149,1207(2008)FrankPasquale,PlatformNeutralityEnhancingFreedomofExpressioninSpheresofPrivatePower,17TheoreticalInquiriesinLaw487,497(2016)FrederickSchauer,Intentions,Conventions,andtheFirstAmendment:TheCaseofCross-Burning,55Sup.Ct.Rev.197,208(2003)GenevieveLakier,TheInventionofLow-ValueSpeech,128Harv.L.Rev.2166,2195(2015)GeoffreyR.Stone,ContentNeutralRestrictions,54U.Chi.L.Rev.46(1987)GeoffreyR.Stone,ContentRegulationAndTheFirstAmendment,25Wm.&MaryL.Rev.189(1983)GregoryM.Dickinson,AnInterpretiveFrameworkforNarrowerImmunityUnderSection230oftheCommunicationsDecencyAct,33Harv.J.L.&Pub.Pol'y863(2010)GuyE.Carmi,DignityVersusLibertyTheTwoWesternCulturesOfFreeSpeech,26B.U.Int'lL.J.277(2008)Guy-UrielE.Charles,ColoredSpeech:CrossBurnings,Epistemics,andtheTriumphoftheCrits?,93Geo.L.J.575,631(2005)IshaniMaitra&MaryKateMcGowan,SpeechandHarm:ControversiesOverFreeSpeech,79(1sted.2012).JackM.Balkin,DigitalSpeechandDemocraticCulture:ATheoryofFreedomofExpressionfortheInformationSociety,79N.Y.U.L.Rev.1,4(2004)JackM.Balkin,FreeSpeechandHostileEnvironments,99Colum.L.Rev.2295(1999)JackM.Balkin,FreeSpeechintheAlgorithmicSociety:BigData,PrivateGovernance,andNewSchoolSpeechRegulation,51U.C.DavisL.Rev.1149(2018)JackM.Balkin,Old-School/new-SchoolSpeechRegulation,127Harv.L.Rev2296(2014)JaeHongLee,Batzelv.Smith&Barrettv.Rosenthal:DefamationLiabilityforThird-PartyContentontheInternet,19BerkeleyTech.L.J.469(2004)JeffreyM.Shaman,TheTheoryofLowValueSpeech,48SMUL.Rev.297(1995)JenniferA.Chandler,ARighttoReachanAudience:AnApproachtoIntermediaryBiasontheInternet,35HofstraL.Rev.1095,1096(2007)JerryBerman&DanielJ.Weitzner,AbundanceandUserControl:RenewingtheDemocraticHeartoftheFirstAmendmentintheAgeofInteractiveMedia,104YaleL.J.1619,1622(1995)JamesBohman,Expandingdialogue:TheInternet,thepublicsphereandprospectsfortransnationaldemocracy,52THESOCIOLOGICALREVIEW,131(2004)JohnE.CalfeeRichard,SomeEffectsofUncertaintyonCompliancewithLegalStandards,70Va.L.Rev.965(1984)JonathanA.Obar,SocialMediaDefinitionandtheGovernanceChallenge:AnIntroductiontotheSpecialIssue,39TelecommunicationsPolicy,745(2015)KarineBarzilai-Nahon,TowardaTheoryofNetworkGatekeeping:AFrameworkforExploringInformationControl,59JOURNALOFTHEAMERICANSOCIETYFORINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,1493(2008)KateKlonick,TheNewGovernors:ThePeople,Rules,AndProcessesGoverningOnlineSpeech,131Harv.L.Rev.1598(2018).KevinWallsten,YesWeCanHowOnlineViewershipBlogDiscussionCampaignStatementsandMainstreamMediaCoverageProducedaViralVideoPhenomenon,7JournalofInformationTechnology&Politics163(2010)LaurenMellinger,IllusionofSecurity:WhytheAmendedEuFrameworkDecisionCriminalizing"IncitementtoTerrorism"ontheInternetFailstoDefendEuropefromTerrorism,37SyracuseJ.Int'lL.&Com.339,340(2010)LyrissaBarnettLidsky,AUTHORSHIP,AUDIENCES,ANDANONYMOUSSPEECH,82NotreDameL.Rev.1537,1574(2007)LyrissaBarnettLidsky,IncendiarySpeechandSocialMedia,44Tex.TechL.Rev.147(2011);MariJ.Matsuda,PublicResponseToRacistSpeech:ConsideringTheVictim'sStory,87Mich.L.Rev.2320(1989)MarkA.Graber,OldWineinNewBottles:TheConstitutionalStatusofUnconstitutionalSpeech,48Vand.L.Rev.349,367(1995)MartinH.Redish,TheValueofFreeSpeech,130U.PA.L.REV.591(1982)MarvinAmmori,The"New"NewYorkTimes:FreeSpeechLawyeringintheAgeofGoogleandTwitter,127Harv.L.Rev.2259(2014)MichaelFroomkin,FLOODCONTROLONTHEINFORMATIONOCEAN:LIVINGWITHANONYMITY,DIGITALCASH,ANDDISTRIBUTEDDATABASES,15J.L.&Com.395(1996).MichaelJ.Mannheimer,TheFightingWordsDoctrine,93Colum.L.Rev.1527,1554(1993)MichaelI.Meyerson,Authors,Editors,andUncommonCarriers:Identifyingthe"Speaker"WithintheNewMedia,71NotreDameL.Rev.79(1995)MichelRosenfeld,HateSpeechInConstitutionalJurisprudence:AComparativeAnalysis,24CardozoL.Rev.1523(2003).NadineStrossen,RegulatingRacistSpeechonCampus:AModestProposal?,1990DukeL.J.484,556(1990)NatashaL.Minsker,IHaveADream--NeverForget”:WhenRhetoricBecomesLaw,AComparisonOfTheJurisprudenceOfRaceInGermanyAndTheUnitedStates,14Harv.BlackLetterL.J.113(1998).NathanielGleicher,JOHNDOESUBPOENAS:TOWARDACONSISTENTLEGALSTANDARD,118YaleL.J.320(2008)NeilWeinstockNetanel,CyberspaceSelf-Governance:ASkepticalViewfromLiberalDemocraticTheory,88Cal.L.Rev.395,442(2000)RichardDelgado,WordsThatWound:ATortActionForRacialInsults,Epithets,AndName-Calling,17Harv.C.R.-C.L.L.Rev.133(1982)RichardA.Posner,FreeSpeechinanEconomicPerspective,20SuffolkU.L.Rev.1,53(1986)RobertH.Bork,NeutralPrinciplesandSomeFirstAmendmentProblems,47INDIANALAWJOURNAL.1(1971)RobertCannon,TheLegislativeHistoryofSenatorExon'sCommunicationsDecencyAct:RegulatingBarbariansontheInformationSuperhighway,49Fed.Comm.L.J.51(1996)RobertSlonje,Thenatureofcyberbullying,andstrategiesforprevention,29COMPUTERSINHUMANBEHAVIOR,26,29(2013)RonaldCoase,TheMarketforGoodsandtheMarketforIdeas,64THEAMERICANECONOMICREVIEW,384(1974)SanjivN.Singh,Cyberspace:ANewFrontierforFightingWords,25RutgersComputer&Tech.L.J.283,284(1999)StanleyIngber,TheMarketplaceOfIdeas:ALegitimizingMyth,1984DukeL.J.1(1984)StephenW.Gard,FightingWordsasFreeSpeech,58Wash.U.L.Q.531,537(1980)StevenG.Gey,AFewQuestionsAboutCrossBurning,Intimidation,andFreeSpeech,80NotreDameL.Rev.1287,1373(2005)TarletonGillespie,Thepoliticsof‘platforms’,12NewMedia&Society,347(2010)TerricaCarrington,GrumpyCatorCopyCat?MemeticMarketingintheDigitalAge,7Geo.MasonJ.Int'lCom.L.139(2016)VincentBlasi,ThePathologicalPerspectiveandtheFirstAmendment,85Colum.L.Rev.449(1985)WilliamA.Schabas,HATESPEECHINRWANDA:THEROADTOGENOCIDE,46McGillL.J.141(2000).2.BooksBlack’sLawDictionary(10thed.2014).CatharineA.MacKinnon,FeminismUnmodified:DiscoursesonLifeandLaw(1988)EDWARDJ.EBERLE,DignityandLibertyConstitutionalVisionsinGermanyandtheUnitedStates(1sted.2002).GeoffreyR.Stoneetal.,TheFirstAmendment(3rded.2008)RichardDawkins,TheSelfishGene,(OxfordUniversityPress1989)YOCHAIBENKLER,TheWealthofNetworks:HowSocialProductionTransformsMarketsandFreedom,(2006)3.CasesAbramsv.UnitedStates,250U.S.616(1919)Anniskettev.State,489P.2d1012,1014(Alaska1971)Andersonv.NewYorkTel.Co.,42A.D.2d151(1973)Beauharnaisv.PeopleofStateofIll.,343U.S.250(1952)Blumenthalv.Drudge,992F.Supp.44(D.D.C.1998)Brandenburgv.Ohio,395U.S.444(1969)Brantiv.Finkel,445U.S.507(1980)CaseC360/10,BelgischeVerenigingvanAuteurs,ComponistenenUitgeversCVBA(SABAM)v.Netlog,EU:C:2012:85CGv.FacebookIrelandLtd(unreported)CourtofAppeal21December2016.Chaplinskyv.StateofNewHampshire,315U.S.568(1942)CitizenPubl'gCo.v.Miller,210Ariz.513(2005)CityofRentonv.PlaytimeTheatres,Inc.,475U.S.41(1986)CityofLosAngelesv.AlamedaBooks,Inc.,535U.S.425(2002)Cohenv.California,403U.S.15(1971)Collinv.Smith,578F.2d1197(7thCir.1978)Cubby,Inc.v.CompuServe,Inc.,776F.Supp.135(S.D.N.Y.1991)Dartv.Craigslist,Inc.,665F.Supp.2d961(N.D.Ill.2009)DenverAreaEduc.TelecommunicationsConsortium,Inc.v.F.C.C.,518U.S.727(1996)Dworkinv.HustlerMagazineInc.,867F.2d1188(9thCir.1989)FairHous.CouncilofSanFernandoValleyv.Roommates.Com,LLC,521F.3d1157(9thCir.2008)Gertzv.RobertWelch,Inc.,418U.S.323(1974)Goddardv.Google,Inc.,640F.Supp.2d1193(N.D.Cal.2009)Goodingv.Wilson,405U.S.518(1972)Greerv.Spock,424U.S.828(1976)Hassellv.Bird,5Cal.5th522(2018)Hessv.Indiana,414U.S.105,106(1973)Jonesv.NorthCarolinaPrisoners'LaborUnion,433U.S.119(1977)KnightFirstAmendmentInst.atColumbiaUniv.v.Trump,302F.Supp.3d541,574(S.D.N.Y.2018)Langdonv.Google,Inc.,474F.Supp.2d622,626(D.Del.2007)Marshv.StateofAla.,326U.S.501,506(1946)MiamiHeraldPub.Co.v.Tornillo,418U.S.241(1974)NewYorkTimesCo.v.Sullivan,376U.S.254(1964)N.A.A.C.P.v.ClaiborneHardwareCo.,458U.S.886,927(1982)Packinghamv.NorthCarolina,137S.Ct.1730(2017)PruneYardShoppingCtr.v.Robins,447U.S.74,83(1980)R.A.V.v.CityofSt.Paul,Minn.,505U.S.377(1992)RedLionBroad.Co.v.F.C.C.,395U.S.367(1969)Renov.Am.CivilLibertiesUnion,521U.S.844(1997)Rothv.UnitedStates,354U.S.476,487(1957)SearchKingInc.v.GoogleTech.,Inc.,No.CIV-02-1457-M,2003WL21464568,at*3(W.D.Okla.May27,2003)SikhsforJustice"SFJ",Inc.v.Facebook,Inc.,144F.Supp.3d1088(N.D.Cal.2015)Smithv.PeopleoftheStateofCalifornia,361U.S.147(1959)StrattonOakmont,Inc.v.ProdigyServicesCo.,23MediaL.Rep.1794(N.Y.Sup.Ct.1995)Terminiellov.CityofChicago,337U.S.1(1949)Thornhillv.StateofAlabama,310U.S.88,101,(1940)TurnerBroad.Sys.,Inc.v.F.C.C.,512U.S.622(1994)TurnerBroad.Sys.,Inc.v.F.C.C.,520U.S.180(1997)UnitedStatesv.Dennis,183F.2d201,207(2dCir.1950)UnitedStatesv.Stevens,559U.S.460,469(2010)Virginiav.Black,538U.S.343(2003)Whitneyv.California,274U.S.357(1927)Yatesv.UnitedStates,354U.S.298,324(1957)Youngv.Am.MiniTheatres,Inc.,427U.S.50(1976)Zeranv.Am.Online,Inc.,129F.3d327(4thCir.1997)4.NewsArticleAdamSatariano,EuropeIsReiningInTechGiants.ButSomeSayIt’sGoingTooFar,TheNewYorkTimes,May6,2019https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/technology/europe-tech-censorship.htmlAdeelHassan,KarenZraick&AlanBlinder,MorrisDees,aCo-FounderoftheSouthernPovertyLawCenter,IsOusted,TheNewYorkTimes,March14,2019https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/us/morris-dees-southern-poverty-law-center-fired.htmlBBCNews,Facebook'tobefined$5bnoverCambridgeAnalyticascandal',BBCNEWS(Jul.13,2019)https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48972327BBC,TwitterblocksFrenchgovernmentwithitsownfakenewslaw,BBC,April3,2019https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47800418BrentKendall&JohnD.McKinnon,JusticeDepartmentIsPreparingAntitrustInvestigationofGoogle,TheWallstreetJournal(May31,2019),https://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-department-is-preparing-antitrust-investigation-of-google-11559348795ChrisHughes,It’sTimetoBreakUpFacebook,TheNewYorkTimes(May9,2019)https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/09/opinion/sunday/chris-hughes-facebook-zuckerberg.htmlDaisukeWakabayashi,TulsiGabbard,DemocraticPresidentialCandidate,SuesGooglefor$50Million,THENEWYORKTIMES(Jul.25,2019)https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/technology/tulsi-gabbard-sues-google.htmlDanielBeekman&JimBrunner,Podcast:DavidNeiwertontheriseofright-wingextremism,‘Alt-America’andwhyhegotsuspendedfromTwitter,THESEATTLETIMES,(21,Jun,2019)https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/podcast-author-david-neiwert-on-the-rise-of-right-wing-extremism-alt-america-and-why-he-got-suspended-from-twitter/DavidMeyer,FacebookandGoogle’sData-ControlTacticsAren’tJustaPrivacyIssueAnymore,Fortune(Jul.4,2019)https://fortune.com/2019/07/04/facebook-google-data-competition/EMILYBIRNBAUM,TwittersuspendsEUelectioncampaignaccountsfortwocandidateswhowerepreviouslybanned,TheHill,(Apr.26,2019)https://thehill.com/policy/technology/440869-twitter-suspends-eu-election-campaign-accounts-for-two-candidates-who-wereERASMUS,Whyfreespeech,hatespeechandradicalisationarehardtodefine,THEECONOMIST(Feb.1,2019)https://www.economist.com/erasmus/2019/02/01/why-free-speech-hate-speech-and-radicalisation-are-hard-to-defineIsaacStanley-Becker,Facebookdeletes,andthenrestores,ElizabethWarren’sadscriticizingtheplatform,drawingherrebuke,THEWASHINGTONPOST(Mar12,2019)https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/03/12/facebook-deletes-then-restores-elizabeth-warrens-ads-criticizing-platform-drawing-her-rebuke/?utm_term=.73787e38a627JimWaterson,Threattojournalistsathighestlevelin10years,reportsays,THEGUARDIAN,(5,Dec,2018)https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/dec/05/threat-journalists-highest-level-10-years-reportMaxFisher,InsideFacebook’sSecretRulebookforGlobalPoliticalSpeech,NewYorkTimes,(Dec.27,2018)https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/27/world/facebook-moderators.htmlMathieuRosemain,Exclusive:Inaworldfirst,FacebooktogivedataonhatespeechsuspectstoFrenchcourts,REUTERS(Jun.25,2019)https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-tech-exclusive/exclusive-in-a-world-first-facebook-to-give-data-on-hate-speech-suspects-to-french-courts-idUSKCN1TQ1TJMikeIsaac&KevinRoose,FacebookBarsAlexJones,LouisFarrakhanandOthersFromItsServices,THENEWYORKTIME(May2,2018)https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/02/technology/facebook-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-ban.htmlNickStatt,LeakedGoogleresearchshowscompanygrapplingwithcensorshipandfreespeech,THEVERGE(Oct.10,2018)https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/10/17961806/google-leaked-research-good-censor-censorship-freedom-of-speech-research-chinaReuters,GermanhatespeechlawtestedasTwitterblockssatireaccount,REUTERS(Jan.3,2018)https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-hatecrime/german-hate-speech-law-tested-as-twitter-blocks-satire-account-idUSKBN1ES1ATSadieLevyGale,ArrestsforoffensiveFacebookandTwitterpostssoarinLondon,INDEPENDENT(Jun.4,2016)https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/arrests-for-offensive-facebook-and-twitter-posts-soar-in-london-a7064246.htmlSimonVanZuylen-Wood,“MENARESCUM”:INSIDEFACEBOOK’SWARONHATESPEECH,VANITYFAIR(Feb.26,2019)https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/02/men-are-scum-inside-facebook-war-on-hate-speechSaraSidner,'OK'isnowahatesymbol,theADLsays,CNN,(Sep.26,2019)https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/26/us/adl-new-hate-symbols/index.htmlTheGuardian,Germanyoncoursetoacceptonemillionrefugeesin2015,(Dec.8,2015)https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/germany-on-course-to-accept-one-million-refugees-in-20155.Statute&PolicyDocument§130StGB47U.S.C.§230Art.18GG.CodeofConductonCounteringIllegalHateSpeechOnline,EuropeanCommission,athttp://ec.europa.eu/justice/fundamental-rights/files/hate_speech_code_of_conduct_en.pdfCouncilDirective2000/31,2000O.J.(L178)1CouncilFrameworkDecision2008/913/JHAof28November2008,Art.1,2008O.J.(L328)55FreedomOfExpressionAndTheInternet,OrganizationofAmericanStates,at47-48,OEA/Ser.L/V/IIGeneralcommentNo.34,U.N.HumanRightsCommittee,102ndSess.,at11,U.N.Doc.CCPR/C/GC/34(2011)GovernmentofUnitedKingdom,OnlineHarmWhitePaper,5(Apr.,8,2019)https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/793360/Online_Harms_White_Paper.pdfJugendschutz.net,LöschungrechtswidrigerHassbeiträgebeiFacebook,YouTubeundTwitter[DeletionofillegalhatecontentsonFacebook,YouTubeandTwitter],(Mar.4,2017)https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/News/Artikel/03142017_Monitoring_jugendschutz.net.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3Jugendschutz.net,MonitoringdesBeschwerdemanagementsvonSocial-Media-PlattformenbeiHassbotschaften[Monitoringthecomplaintmanagementofsocialmediaplatformsinhatemessages],(June,2017)https://www.jugendschutz.net/fileadmin/download/pdf/17-06_Monitoring_Beschwerdemanagement_Social-Media-Plattformen_Hintergruende.pdfNetzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz[NetzDG][NetworkEnforcementAct],(Jul12,2017)https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Gesetzgebungsverfahren/Dokumente/NetzDG_engl.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2ProposalforaREGULATIONOFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDOFTHECOUNCILonpreventingthedisseminationofterroristcontentonlineAcontributionfromtheEuropeanCommissiontotheLeaders’meetinginSalzburgon19-20September2018,EUR.PARL.DOC.(COM/2018/640)RebeccaMacKinnon,ElonnaiHickok,AllonBar&Hae-inLim,FosteringFreedomOnline:TheRoleofInternetintermediaries,86,UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)(2014),https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231162ReportoftheSpecialRapporteuronthepromotionandprotectionoftherighttofreedomofopinionandexpression,FrankLaRue,U.N.HumanRightsCouncil,17thSess.,AgendaItem3,at13,20,U.N.Doc.A/HRC/17/27ReportoftheSpecialRapporteuronthepromotionandprotectionoftherighttofreedomofopinionandexpression,U.N.HumanRightsCouncil,32ndSess.,at22,U.N.Doc.A/HRC/32/38(2016)VěraJourová,CodeofConductoncounteringillegalhatespeechonline:Firstresultsonimplementation(2016)https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=40573VěraJourová,CodeofConductoncounteringillegalhatespeechonline:Oneyearafter(2017)http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=45032VěraJourová,CodeofConductoncounteringillegalhatespeechonlineResultsofthe3rdmonitoringexercise(2018)http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/just/document.cfm?doc_id=49286VěraJourová,CodeofConductoncounteringillegalhatespeechonline:Fourthevaluationconfirmsself-regulationworks(2019)https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/code_of_conduct_factsheet_7_web.pdf6.WebsitesAndréStaltz,THEWEBBEGANDYINGIN2014,HERE'SHOW,(Oct.30,2017)https://staltz.com/the-web-began-dying-in-2014-heres-how.htmlAnti-DefamationLeague,PepetheFrog,Anti-DefamationLeague(2019)https://www.adl.org/education/references/hate-symbols/pepe-the-frogAustraliaCompetition,DigitalPlatformsInquiry,CommonwealthofAustralia(2018)https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/ACCC%20Digital%20Platforms%20Inquiry%20-%20Preliminary%20Report.pdfBundesministeriumderJustizundfürVerbraucherschutz(BMJV),GemeinsamgegenHasskriminalitätimNetz–Wostehenwir?[Togetheragainsthatecrimeinthenetwork-Wheredowestand?],(Sep.26,2016)https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Artikel/DE/2016/09262016_Gemeinsam_gegen_Hasskriminalitaet.htmlC-span,GoogleandCensorship(Jul.16,2019)https://www.c-span.org/video/?462661-1/google-censorship&start=NaNDaphneKeller,SESTAandtheTeachingsofIntermediaryLiability,7,(2017)http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/publications/sesta-and-teachings-intermediary-liabilityFacebook,CommunityStandardsEnforcementReport,Facebook(2019)https://transparency.facebook.com/community-standards-enforcement#hate-speechFacebook,HateSpeech,Facebook(2019)https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/hate_speechFacebook,Misrepresentation(2019)https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/misrepresentationGoogle,TransparencyReporthttps://transparencyreport.google.com/?hl=enJoergSpraveAttentionYouTube:TheClockisticking!,YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZZ5Kouj_hQJohnPerryBarlow,SellingWineWithoutBottles:TheEconomyofMindontheGlobalNet,ElectronicFrontierFoundationhttps://www.eff.org/pages/selling-wine-without-bottles-economy-mind-global-netMANILAPRINCIPLES.ORG,ManilaPrinciplesonIntermediaryLiability(Mar.242015)https://www.eff.org/files/2015/10/31/manila_principles_1.0.pdfNicNewman,RichardFletcher,AntonisKalogeropoulos,DavidA.L.Levy&RasmusKleisNielsen,ReutersDigitalNewsReport2018,ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism(2018)http://media.digitalnewsreport.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/digital-news-report-2018.pdfPoynter,Committotransparency—signupfortheInternationalFact-CheckingNetwork'scodeofprinciples(2019)https://ifcncodeofprinciples.poynter.org/RebeccaMacKinnon,ElonnaiHickok,AllonBar&Hae-inLim,FosteringFreedomOnline:TheRoleofInternetintermediaries,UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)(2014)https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231162RichardAllan,HardQuestions:WhoShouldDecideWhatIsHateSpeechinanOnlineGlobalCommunity?(June.27,2017)https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/06/hard-questions-hate-speech/SamHarris,MakingSensewithSamHarris#148-JackDorsey,YouTube(Feb.5,2019)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOvbEmufGwYTessaLyons,HardQuestions:HowIsFacebook’sFact-CheckingProgramWorking?,(June,14,2018)https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/06/hard-questions-fact-checking/Twitter,AboutVerifiedAccount(2019)https://help.twitter.com/en/managing-your-account/about-twitter-verified-accountsTwitter,Hatefulconductpolicy(2019)https://help.twitter.com/en/rules-and-policies/hateful-conduct-policyTwitter,TheTwitterTrustandSafetyCouncil,(2019)https://about.twitter.com/en_us/safety/safety-partners.htmlYouTube,HateSpeechPolicy(2019)https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2801939?hl=enB.InChinses1.ArticlesChia-HaoHsu許家豪,性傾向仇恨性言論管制倡議[AdvocatingSexual-Orientation-BasedHateSpeechRegulation],(2018)(unpublishedLL.M.thesis,SoochowUniversity)Chih-KaiTseng,仇恨性言論的容忍與禁止－比較法的觀察[TheToleranceandRestrictionofHateSpeech:FromthePerspectiveofComparativeLaw],(2013)(unpublishedLL.M.thesis,NationalTaiwanUniversity)De-LanYe葉德蘭,貶抑色情作為仇恨言論：由溝通觀點出發[DepreciatingPornographyasHateSpeech:FromaCommunicationPerspective]101ForuminWomen'sandGenderStudies婦研縱橫,70(2014)JHEN-SHANLi李震山,人性尊嚴[HumanDignity],17LawForum法學講座.1(May,2003)Jen-JiehTien田仁杰,歧視「外籍新娘」和「大陸新娘」言論之管制倡議－從批判種族理論觀點出發[RegulatoryAdvocacyofSpeechDiscriminatingagainst"ForeignBrides"and"MainlandBrides"－StartingfromthePerspectiveofCriticalRaceTheory],(2007)(unpublishedLL.M.thesis,NationalTaiwanUniversity)Nian-FongSin辛年豐,死也不得安寧-論死者人性尊嚴與言論自由[Deathcan'tbepeaceful-Onthehumandignityandfreedomofspeechofthedeceased],14JudgementResearchCompilation判解研究彙編,(Dec,2010).Tsung-hseinChou周宗憲,人性尊嚴與人民最低限度生活全保障[HumanDignityAndTheMinimumGuaranteeOfThePeople'sLiving],1239JudicialWeekly司法周刊.2(June,2005).Wei-ChihChen陳威志,仇恨性言論管制—以網路厭女現象為例[RegulatingHateSpeech－AnAnalysisofOnlineMisogynyinTaiwan],(2018)(unpublishedLL.M.thesis,NationalTaipeiUniversity)XinminChen陳新民,憲法學釋論[Constitutionalinterpretation],25(7thed.2011)YONG-MINGJHANG張永明,傳播生態變遷下的傳播自由與媒體責任[FreedomandResponsibilityofthePressintheChangingMediaClimate],170TheTaiwanLawReview月旦法學雜誌,(June2009)YUAN-HAOLIAO廖元豪,仇恨言論管制、族群平等法，與反岐視法[HateSpeechRegulation,EthnicEqualityLaw,AndAnti-DiscriminationLaw],127TaiwanLawJournal台灣法學雜誌,1(May,2009);YUAN-HAOLIA廖元豪,羞辱弱勢族群的言論自由？種族侮辱言論之限制可能性[TheFreedomtoInsultMinorites?LimitingRacialInsults],45TaiwanJurist月旦法學教室,6(July,2006)YU-LINJIAN江玉林,人性尊嚴與人格尊嚴-大法官解釋尊嚴論述分析[HumanDignityandPersonalDignity--AnalysisoftheJustice'sInterpretationofDignity],20TaiwanJurist月旦法學教室.116(June,2004)ZIH-YILIN林子儀,言論自由與新聞自由[FreedomofSpeechandFreedomofPress]5(1sted.1999).2.BooksCassSunstein,網路會顛覆民主嗎?[Republic.com](WEI-MINGHUANGtrans.,new71sted.2002).FONG-JIAOHE何鳳嬌,Themartiallawera從戒嚴到解嚴(1945-1987)(1sted.2000)FONG-JIAOHE何鳳嬌,Organizingtheoppositionparties組黨運動(1sted.2000)RUEI-CIANGSU蘇瑞鏘,WhiteTerrorinTaiwan:DisposalofTaiwan'sPoliticalCasesaftertheWar白色恐怖在臺灣:戰後臺灣政治案件之處置(1sted.2014)YAN-SIANJHANG張炎憲,二二八事件責任歸屬研究報告[Researchreportonresponsibilityforthe228massacre](1sted.2006)(Chinese)3.CasesShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.414ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.445ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.485ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.509ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.550ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.557ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.567ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.617ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.623ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.634ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.644.ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.656ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.664ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.678ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.702ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.738ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.744ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.753ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.756ShihTzu[InterpretationofConstitutionalCourtofTaiwan]No.7664.NewsArticle曾韋禎,不只辱台是鬼島郭冠英譏老兵無知讚戒嚴德政,LIBERTYTIME(Feb.5,2016)https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/956404王君琳,譴責戕害人權的法西斯言論，要求台聯黨立刻嚴懲廖本煙,苦勞網(Apr.4,2006)https://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/11882陳鈺馥,罵蔡沒下一代新黨楊世光：我就是人身攻擊,LIBERTYTIME(July.6,2019)https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/28414915.Statute著作權法[TaiwanCopyrightAct],Article36.WebsitesJudicialYuan,106年司法院及所屬機關業務統計結果摘要分析[Summaryofthestatisticalresultsofthebusinessofthecourtsandtheiraffiliatesintheyearof2017],JudicialYuan(2017),athttps://www.judicial.gov.tw/juds/jsi/home.htm#b02%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%96%B0%E6%94%B6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6  電子全文  國圖紙本論文 連結至畢業學校之論文網頁點我開啟連結註:此連結為研究生畢業學校所提供，不一定有電子全文可供下載，若連結有誤，請點選上方之〝勘誤回報〞功能，我們會盡快修正，謝謝！ 推文 網路書籤 推薦 評分 引用網址 轉寄                                                                                                                                                                                                                    top 相關論文 相關期刊 熱門點閱論文 1. 美國法上種族仇恨性言論之研究 2. 日本網路仇恨言論相關法規 3. 論公民與政治權利國際公約下仇恨性言論之管制－以跨國網路為核心 4. 以法社會學之觀點論網路仇恨言論 5. 後真相時代之假訊息管制結構－以刑法規範為中心 6. 數位匯流下不實訊息之管制規範研究   無相關期刊   1. 從言論自由的角度探討網路中立性爭議 2. 社群媒體言論自由界限研究–兼論社會秩序維護法禁止散佈謠言條款 3. 數位化時代下被遺忘權之探討與建構——兼論與言論自由之衝突 4. 公共論壇與言論自由—以美國法制為中心 5. 仇恨性言論管制—以網路厭女現象為例 6. 日本網路仇恨言論相關法規 7. 從憲法言論自由之保障論仇恨性言論之管制 8. 言論自由保護範圍之釐清──從概念分析到實體法脈絡之交錯比對 9. 基於區塊鏈技術之二手書交易市場 10. 網際網路言論自由之規制－以美國法案例為中心 11. 以法社會學之觀點論網路仇恨言論 12. 社群媒體假訊息管制之言論自由分析 13. 網路內容應用提供者與網路中立性原則─以言論自由之保障為中心 14. 從歐盟英特爾案看忠誠折扣的合理性 15. 虛擬暨擴增實境之研究－以隱私權與言論自由為中心     簡易查詢 | 進階查詢 | 熱門排行 | 我的研究室